摘要翻译：
我们证明了囚禁在外非对称势中的经典粒子气体在初始速度分布温度$T_{ne}$与平衡温度$T_{eq}$不同时，会发生准周期运动。效应的大小由$t_{ne}-t_{eq}$的值决定，运动的方向由这个表达式的符号决定。气体颗粒的“加载”和“卸载”改变了它们的运动方向，从而产生了梭状运动的可能性。该系统作为卡诺发动机工作，非平衡分布的动能部分和势能部分之间的热流产生有用的功。
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英文标题：
《Directed motion and useful work from an isotropic nonequilibrium
  distribution》
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作者：
M. F. Gelin and D.S. Kosov
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
  We demonstrate that a gas of classical particles trapped in an external asymmetric potential undergoes a quasiperiodic motion, if the temperature of its initial velocity distribution $T_{ne}$ differs from the equilibrium temperature, $T_{eq}$. The magnitude of the effect is determined by the value of $T_{ne}-T_{eq}$, and the direction of the motion is determined by the sign of this expression. The "loading'' and "unloading'' of the gas particles change directions of their motion, thereby creating a possibility of shuttle-like motion. The system works as a Carnot engine where the heat flow between kinetic and potential parts of the nonequilibrium distribution produces the useful work.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/711.4105