Directions:
Section I Use of English
Read the fllowing text. Choose the best word(s) fr each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (lOpoints)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise
precious to health." But 1  some claims to the contary, laughing probably has
little infuence on physical ftness. Laughter does  2  short-term changes in
the fnction of the heart and its blood vessels,  3  heart rate and oxygen
consumption. But  because hard laughter is  difcult to  4  , a good laugh is
unlikely to have  5  benefts the way, say, walking or jogging does.
6  instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter
apparently accomlishes the_7_. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that
laughter _8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone fr up to 45 minutes afer the laugh
dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help  9  the efects of psychological
stess. Ayway, the act of lauging prbably does produce oter types of 10  fedack
that imrove an indvidual's emotional state.  11  one classical theory of emotion,
our felings are partially rooted  12  physical reactions. It was argued at the end
of the 19th century that humans do not cry  13  they are sad but they become sad
when the tears begin to fow.
Although sadess also  14  tears, evidence suggests that emotions can
fow  15  muscular responses. In an experiment published  m  1988,  social
psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wirzburg in Germany asked volunteers
to _ a pen either with their teeth - thereby creating an artifcial smile - or with
their lips, which would produce a(n)  17  expression. Those frced to exercise
their smiling muscles  18  more enthusiastically to fnny cartoons than did those
whose mouths were contracted in a fown,  19  that expressions may infuence
emotions rather than just the other way aroud.  20  , the physical act of laughter
could improve mood.
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