中文名: 神学政治论
原名: A Theologico-Political Treatise
作者: (荷)巴鲁赫·斯宾诺莎图书分类: 人文社科
资源格式: PDF
版本: 英文文字版
出版社: Forgotten Books书号: 978-1606200209发行时间: 2008年05月07日
地区: 美国
语言: 英文

内容简介:

哲学家和泛神论者巴鲁赫·斯宾诺莎撰写的《神学政治论》是一部早期的批判宗教仇视、保护世俗政府的论文。

在文中，斯宾诺莎提出了对所有有组织的宗教的系统性的评判。他认为，对所有宗教都应该在一个合理的基础上进行分析，而不是简单化地盲目信仰。

哈氏译文，不对勿恼！

作者简介:

斯宾诺莎出生于荷兰。他的父母亲以经营进出口贸易为生，生活颇为宽裕，斯宾诺莎也因此得以进入当地的犹太神学校，学习希伯来文、犹太法典以及中世纪的犹太哲学等。他也接受了拉丁语的训练，而正是凭借着拉丁语，斯宾诺莎得以接触笛卡尔等人的著作。他也由此渐渐脱离所谓正统的学说范围，并最终在 24岁时被逐出了犹太教会堂。他最后搬出犹太人居住区，以磨镜片为生，同时进行哲学思考。磨镜片这项工作伤害了他的健康，他在工作的时候吸入了大量的硒尘，这与他的死因--肺痨有直接的关系。斯宾诺莎此后一直过着隐居的生活。1673年有人提供他海德堡大学哲学系的教职，条件是不可提及宗教，不过斯宾诺莎婉拒。他在45岁时就去世。

斯宾诺莎的著作中最伟大的莫过于《依几何次序所证伦理学》（Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata，简称《伦理学》），该著作一直到斯宾诺莎死后才得以发表。该书是以欧几里得的几何学方式来书写的，一开始就给出一组公理以及各种公式，从中产生命题、证明、推论以及解释。他的其他两部重要的作品包括了《神学政治论》（拉丁文Tractatus Theologico-Politicus，英译A Theologico-Political Treatise）和《政治论》（Tractatus Politicus）。《神学政治论》的主题是圣经批评与政治理论，而后者则只谈政治理论。

目录:


PART 1
* PREFACE
* OF PROPHECY
* OF PROPHETS
* OF THE VOCATION OF THE HEBREWS, AND WHETHER THE GIFT OF PROPHECY AS
PECULIAR TO THEM
* OF THE DIVINE LAW
* OF THE CEREMONIAL LAW

PART 2
* OF MIRACLES
* OF THE INTERPRETATION OF SCRIPTURE
* OF THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE PENTATEUCH AND THE OTHER HISTORICAL BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
* OTHER QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE SAME BOOKS: NAMELY, WHETHER THEY WERE COMPLETELY FINISHED BY EZRA, AND, FURTHER, WHETHER THE MARGINAL NOTES WHICH ARE FOUND IN THE HEBREW TEXTS WERE VARIOUS READINGS
* AN EXAMINATION OF THE REMAINING BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT ACCORDING TO THE PRECEDING METHOD

PART 3
* AN INQUIRY WHETHER THE APOSTLES WROTE THEIR EPISTLES AS APOSTLES AND PROPHETS, OR MERELY AS TEACHERS; AND AN EXPLANATION OF WHAT IS MEANT BY AN APOSTLE
* OF THE TRUE ORIGINAL OF THE DIVINE LAW, AND WHEREFORE SCRIPTURE IS CALLED SACRED, AND THE WORD OF GOD. HOW THAT, IN S0 FAR AS IT CONTAINS THE WORD OF GOD, IT HAS COME DOWN TO US UNCORRUPTED
* IT IS SHOWN THAT SCRIPTURE TEACHES ONLY VERY SIMPLE DOCTRINES, SUCH AS SUFFICE FOR RIGHT CONDUCT
* DEFINITIONS OF FAITH, THE FAITH, AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH, WHICH IS ONCE FOR ALL SEPARATED FROM PHILOSOPHY
* THEOLOGY IS SHOWN NOT TO BE SUBSERVIENT TO REASON, NOR REASON TO THEOLOGY: A DEFINITION OF THE REASON WHICH ENABLES US TO ACCEPT THE AUTHORITY OF THE BIBLE

PART 4
* OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF A STATE; OF THE NATURAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS; AND OF THE RIGHTS OF THE SOVEREIGN POWER
* IT IS SHOWN THAT NO ONE CAN, OR NEED, TRANSFER ALL HIS RIGHTS TO THE SOVEREIGN POWER. OF THE HEBREW REPUBLIC, AS IT WAS DURING THE LIFETIME OF MOSES, AND AFTER HIS DEATH, TILL THE FOUNDATION OF THE MONARCHY; AND OF ITS EXCELLENCE. LASTLY, OF THE CAUSES WHY THE THEOCRATIC REPUBLIC FELL, AND WHY IT COULD HARDLY HAVE CONTINUED WITHOUT DISSENSION
* FROM THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE HEBREWS, AND THEIR HISTORY, CERTAIN POLITICAL DOCTRINES ARE DEDUCED
* IT IS SHOWN THAT THE RIGHT OVER MATTERS SPIRITUAL LIES WHOLLY WITH THE SOVEREIGN, AND THAT THE OUTWARD FORMS OF RELIGION SHOULD BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH PUBLIC PEACE, IF WE WOULD OBEY GOD ARIGHT
* THAT IN A FREE STATE EVERY MAN MAY THINK WHAT HE LIKES, AND SAY WHAT HE THINKS

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