(2020), in this paper organizational inertia is measured by the sum of 38 HUO ET AL10991468, 2024, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mde.3981 by University Of British Columbia, Wiley Online Library on [13/02/2025]. See the Terms and Conditions(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons Licensefour indicators, namely, the total number of employees, total marketvalue, total assets, and registered capital after standardization. Amongthem, the total number of employees, total market value, total assets,and registered capital are measured by the natural logarithm of thetotal number of employees, total market value, total assets, and registered capital plus one.