【作者(必填)】Valentin Haddad，Paul Huebner，Erik Loualiche，

【文题(必填)】How Competitive Is the Stock Market? Theory, Evidence from Portfolios, and Implications for the Rise of Passive Investing

【年份(必填)】AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW，VOL. 115, NO. 3, MARCH 2025，(pp. 975–1018)

【全文链接或数据库名称(选填)】https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20230505