英文文献：The Politician and the Judge: Accountability in Government-政治家和法官:政府的责任
英文文献作者：Eric Maskin,Jean Tirole
英文文献摘要：
We build a simple model to capture the major virtues and drawbacks of making public officials accountable (i.e., subjecting them to reelection): On the one hand, accountablity allows the public to screen and discipline their officials; on the other, it may induce those officials to pander to public opinion and put too little weight on minority welfare. We study when decision-making powers should be allocated to the public directly (direct democracy), to accountable officials (called “politicians”), or to nonaccountable officials (called “judges”).

我们构建了一个简单的模型，来揭示官员问责(即改选)的主要优点和缺点:一方面，通过问责，公众可以对官员进行甄别和惩戒;另一方面，它可能会诱使这些官员迎合公众的意见，对少数人的福利关注过少。我们研究什么时候应该把决策权直接分配给公众(直接民主)，分配给负责任的官员(称为“政客”)，或者分配给不负责任的官员(称为“法官”)。