英文文献：Sorting out Guidelines for the Good Evaluation of Research Practices
英文文献作者：Cinzia Daraio,Alessio Vaccari
英文文献摘要：
In this paper, we propose the adoption of moral philosophy and in particular normative ethics, to clarify the concept of ???good?? evaluation of ???research practices?? . Our perspective is based on the idea that research is a form of social practice according to MacIntyre (1985)???s conceptualization. From MacIntyre???s notion, we elaborate three typologies of researcher: the leader, the good researcher and the honest researcher. Reflecting on what is a ???good?? research practice and on what is the role of researchers in it provides insight into some aspects of both the selfassessment process and how this promotes individual improvement. Moreover, this kind of reflection helps us to describe the functions (missions) of the research practices. A ???good?? evaluation should take into account all the building constituents of a ???good?? research practice and should be able to discriminate between good and bad research practices, while enforcing the functions of good research practices. These reflections may be the starting point for a paradigm shift in the evaluation of research practices which replaces an evaluation centred on products with an evaluation focused on the functions of these practices.