英文文献：Motivational Goal Bracketing: An Experiment-激励目标包装:一个实验
英文文献作者：Alexander K. Koch,Julia Nafziger
英文文献摘要：
We study in an online, real-effort experiment how the bracketing of non-binding goals affects performance in a work-leisure self-control problem. We externally induce the goal bracket - daily goals or a weekly goal - and within that bracket let subjects set goals for how much they want to work over a one-week period. Our theoretical model predicts (i) that weekly goals create incentives to compensate for a lower than desired performance today with the promise to work harder tomorrow, whereas daily goals exclude such excuses; (ii) that subjects with daily goals set higher goals in aggregate and work harder than those with weekly goals. Our data support these predictions. Surprisingly, however, when goals are combined with an externally enforced commitment that requires subjects to spend less than a minute each day on the task to get started working, performance deteriorates because of high dropout rates from the task.

我们在一个在线的，真实努力的实验中研究了不受约束的目标是如何影响工作-休闲自我控制问题的表现的。我们从外部设定一个目标范围——每日目标或每周目标——在这个范围内让受试者设定他们在一周内想要工作多少的目标。我们的理论模型预测(i)，每周的目标会产生激励机制，通过承诺明天更加努力来弥补今天低于预期的表现，而每天的目标不会有这样的借口;(ii)有每日目标的被试比有每周目标的被试设定更高的总体目标，工作更努力。我们的数据支持这些预测。然而，令人惊讶的是，当目标与外部强制承诺(要求受试者每天在任务上花费少于一分钟的时间来开始工作)结合在一起时，由于任务的高辍学率，性能会下降。