英文文献：Evaluation of the Economic Net Benefits of the various fields found on a smallholder farming system in Vihiga-Kenya-评估在维希加-肯尼亚的小农耕作系统中发现的各种农田的经济净收益
英文文献作者：Munialo, S.,Akundabweni, L.S.M.,Mburu, John I.,Namutebi, A.
英文文献摘要：
Strong gradients of decreasing soil fertility are found with increasing distance from the homestead within smallholder farms in Vihiga-Kenya. Nutrient use efficiency varies strongly between fields along these gradients of soil fertility. There is continuous accumulation of nutrients in areas around the homestead at the expense of nutrient depletion in further and larger fields. Unequal distribution of nutrients on the farm causes differences in yield with more yields being obtained in some areas on the farm than others. This has affected the overall crop yield and general wellbeing of the households on the smallholder farm. This study therefore undertook an evaluation of the economic benefits of the various fields belonging to smallholder farmesr. This was an effort to recommend strategies aimed at improving soil fertility levels to nutrient deficient fields. The objective of the study was to determine Economic Net Benefits across the fields on smallholder farms in Jinja and Vihiga. A division of the smallholder land into three farm portions of Near House (NH), Mid Farm (MF) and Far Farm positions with respect to distance from the homestead was done. An onion design layout was adopted to refer to these reference points. A household survey was administered to 76 households from in Vihiga. Using data on the gross margins collected from farmers, the Economic Net Benefits of various fields found on smallholder farms were calculated. Data was analysed using SPSS version 14. T test analysis showed a high significant difference of P≤0.001 in Economic Net Benefits between the (NH and MF) and (MF and FF) positions. Differences in Economic Net Benefits across the farm as a result of differences in soil fertility occasioned by unequal resource allocation might have implications in the economic as well as nutritional wellbeing of the household members. Appropriate intervention therefore need be instituted.

在维希加-肯尼亚的小农户农场中，随着离家园的距离增加，土壤肥力的急剧下降。养分利用效率沿土壤肥力的梯度在田地之间差别很大。在宅基地周围地区，养分不断积累，但在更大的范围内，养分却消耗殆尽。农场中营养物质分配不均导致产量差异，有些地区的产量高于其他地区。这影响了作物的总体产量和小农农场家庭的总体福祉。因此，这项研究对属于小农农场的各个田地的经济效益进行了评价。这是一项努力，目的是建议旨在改善营养不足地区土壤肥力水平的战略。这项研究的目的是确定金贾和维希加的小农农场的整个农田的经济净收益。根据与宅基地的距离，将小农的土地划分为三个农场部分:近屋(NH)、中屋(MF)和远屋(Far)。采用洋葱设计布局来参考这些参考点。对来自维希加的76户家庭进行了住户调查。利用从农民那里收集到的毛利率数据，计算出了小农农场各个领域的经济净收益。数据分析使用SPSS第14版。T检验分析显示，(NH和MF)与(MF和FF)两职位的经济净效益差异极显著，P≤0.001。由于资源分配不平等而造成的土壤肥力差异，导致整个农场的经济净效益差异，这可能对家庭成员的经济和营养福利产生影响。因此，需要采取适当的干预措施。