英文文献：Options and Impact of Crop Production Specialization on Small-Scale Farms in the Noth of Burundi-作物专业化生产对布隆迪北部小型农场的选择和影响
英文文献作者：Niragira, S.,D'Haese, M.,Buysse, Jeroen,Desiere, S.,Ndimubandi, J.,D'Haese, L.
英文文献摘要：
Declining land availability and increasing rural poverty hamper further production growth and agricultural development in Burundi. Yet, over the last decades, food demand continued to increase as a result of high population growth and urbanisation. In a country like Burundi, where it is estimated that 90% of the people live from agriculture for both food supply and income earnings, agricultural specialists urge for a more optimal use of resources in agricultural production as a pathway out of poverty. However, it is difficult to optimize the complex prevailing farming systems without radical changes in farmers’ decision making. Over time, small-scale farmers have developed complex cropping systems that are both intensive and risk averse in response to acute land scarcity and unreliable food markets. This has resulted in high rates of self-reliance among farmers and highly diversified mixed cropping systems. This paper examines the potential and effects of agricultural specialization in optimizing land use and farm production. We use a farm level mathematical programming model which is applied to different farm types. A special feature in this paper is the consideration of minimal household food needs. Simulation results revealed that optimal farm plans differ by farm type as each of them is subject to specific asset endowment constraints. Farmers could improve land use by producing a specific range of crops and benefiting from economies of scale; large farms can significantly increase returns to land, while landless households can benefit from increased returns to labour. However, the reforms require better markets, storage facilities and credit supply mechanisms.

土地供应的减少和农村贫困的增加阻碍了布隆迪进一步的生产增长和农业发展。然而，在过去几十年里，由于人口高速增长和城市化，粮食需求持续增长。在布隆迪这样的国家，据估计90%的人口依靠农业获得粮食供应和收入，农业专家敦促在农业生产中更好地利用资源，以此作为摆脱贫困的途径。然而，如果不彻底改变农民的决策，就很难优化复杂的现行耕作系统。随着时间的推移，小规模农民发展了复杂的密集和规避风险的种植系统，以应对严重的土地短缺和不可靠的粮食市场。这导致农民高度自力更生和高度多样化的混合种植制度。本文探讨了农业专业化在优化土地利用和农业生产方面的潜力和影响。我们使用一个农场层次的数学规划模型，它适用于不同的农场类型。这篇文章的一个特点是考虑到家庭最小的食物需求。仿真结果表明，由于每个农场都受到特定的资产禀赋约束，最优农场计划因农场类型而异。农民可以通过生产特定种类的作物和从规模经济中获益来改善土地利用;大型农场可以显著提高土地回报，而无地家庭可以从增加劳动回报中获益。然而，改革需要更好的市场、储存设施和信贷供应机制。