英文文献：Migration and self-protection against climate change: a case study of Samburu district, Kenya-移民和应对气候变化的自我保护:肯尼亚桑布鲁区个案研究
英文文献作者：Ng’ang’a, Stanley Karanja,Bulte, Erwin,Giller, Ken E.,McIntire, John M.,Rufino, Mariana C.
英文文献摘要：
Climate change will affect the livelihoods of pastoralists in arid and semi-arid lands. We use new data from Samburu District, northern Kenya, to explore whether migration of household members affects adoption of adaptive measures. Specifically, we seek to test whether migra-tion and adaptation are complementary mechanisms to protect the household against adverse shocks, or whether they are substitutes. Do remittances relax capital market constraints and facilitate the uptake of adaptive measures, or do they render adaptation superfluous? Our data suggests migration –via remittances – facilitates the adoption of self-protective measures in the areas of origin of the migrants. Supporting our interpretation that credit constraints constitute the main mechanism linking migration to adoption, we document that the effects of migration on self-protection are only significant in locations where villagers lack access to credit.

气候变化将影响干旱和半干旱地区牧民的生计。我们使用来自肯尼亚北部桑布鲁区(Samburu District)的新数据来探索家庭成员的迁移是否会影响适应性措施的采用。具体而言，我们试图检验移徙和适应是保护家庭免受不利冲击的互补机制，还是替代机制。汇款是放松了资本市场的约束，促进了适应措施的实施，还是使适应变得多余?我们的数据表明，移民(通过汇款)有助于在移民原籍地区采取自我保护措施。为了支持我们的解释，即信贷约束构成了将移民与收养联系起来的主要机制，我们记录了移民对自我保护的影响，只有在村民无法获得信贷的地方才显著。