英文文献：Modelling the farm household impacts of a small irrigation program in Niger-模拟尼日尔小型灌溉项目对农户的影响
英文文献作者：Tillie, Pascal,Louhichi, Kamel,Paloma, Sergio Gomez y
英文文献摘要：
Small irrigation schemes have become very popular in many African countries as a policy measure to boost agriculture and farm income given their relatively low capital investment compared with to large irrigation infrastructures and the shorter time required for the project design and implementation. This paper attempts to explore the likely impacts of a program of small irrigation development in Niger on land allocation, agricultural production, food security and poverty reduction on a nationally representative sample of farm households. A farm-household model, named FSSIM-Dev (Farm System Simulator for Developing Countries), is used to achieve this objective. This static positive programming model was applied to every individual farm household included in the 2011-2012 LSMS-ISA survey sample – around 2300 farm households – in order to guarantee the highest representativeness of the farming systems and to capture the full heterogeneity across farm households. Results show that irrigation has a large impact on agriculture production and income of smallholder farmers, mainly during the dry season and in the regions with high potential irrigable land. Farm income would increase by around 7 % at country level if small irrigation was made available to all farmers. At the regional and individual farm levels the impact is more pronounced (reaching more than 80 % in one region). Additionally, the income impacts are larger for those households with the lowest agricultural income in the baseline, showing the large potential impacts of small irrigation in terms of poverty and inequality reduction.

与大型灌溉基础设施相比，小型灌溉计划的资本投资相对较低，而且项目设计和实施所需的时间较短，因此作为促进农业和农业收入的政策措施，小型灌溉计划在许多非洲国家非常受欢迎。本文试图以具有全国代表性的农户为样本，探讨尼日尔小型灌溉开发项目对土地分配、农业生产、粮食安全和减贫可能产生的影响。一个名为FSSIM-Dev(发展中国家农场系统模拟器)的农户模型被用于实现这一目标。这种静态正向规划模型被应用于2011-2012年lsm - isa调查样本中包含的每一个农场家庭(约2300个农场家庭)，以确保农业系统的最高代表性，并捕捉到所有农场家庭的完全异质性。结果表明，灌溉对小农的农业生产和收入有较大影响，主要在旱季和可灌溉土地潜力大的地区。如果向所有农民提供小型灌溉，农村的农业收入将增加7%左右。在区域和单个农场层面上，影响更为明显(在一个地区达到80%以上)。此外，对于基线中农业收入最低的家庭来说，收入的影响更大，这表明小规模灌溉在减少贫困和不平等方面具有巨大的潜在影响。