英文文献：An Alternative Approach To Determining The Elasticity Of Excess Demand Facing The United States-美国面临的另一种确定过剩需求弹性的方法
英文文献作者：Miller, Douglas J.,Paarlberg, Philip L.
英文文献摘要：
The United States embarked on a policy assuming excess demands for commodities are elastic. Some analysts question the success of that policy and argue that excess demands for farm commodities are inelastic. The controversy is deepened because the two traditional techniques for determining excess demand elasticities yield opposing estimates. We use an alternative technique based on observed variation in commodity prices, production, and use. The point estimates show excess demands for wheat, coarse grains, soybeans, rice, and cotton are elastic. However, a one-sided bootstrap test cannot reject the null hypothesis that the excess demands for wheat, coarse grains, and soybeans are inelastic.

美国开始实施一项假设对商品的过度需求具有弹性的政策。一些分析人士质疑这一政策的成功，并认为对农产品的过度需求缺乏弹性。由于确定过度需求弹性的两种传统方法得出了相反的估计结果，争议进一步加深。我们使用另一种基于观察到的商品价格、生产和使用的变化的技术。point的估计显示，对小麦、粗粮、大豆、大米和棉花的过度需求是有弹性的。然而，单边bootstrap检验并不能拒绝小麦、粗粮和大豆的超额需求是无弹性的原假设。