英文文献：Multiple Job-Holding Among U.S. Farm Women: Off-Farm Work And On-Farm Decision-Making Using A Bargaining Approach-美国农业妇女从事多种工作:非农工作和利用讨价还价的方法在农场做决策
英文文献作者：Findeis, Jill L.,Swaminathan, Hema
英文文献摘要：
Participation rates for farm women in off-farm labor markets continue to increase, as does their participation in making major farm decisions such as whether to buy or sell land, adopt a new production practice or invest in farm equipment. Data from the Survey of U.S. Farm Women conducted in 2001 by Penn State in collaboration with researchers at the Economic Research Service and in collaboration with NASS are used to examine the multiple work roles of farm women off the farm and in farming. Descriptive statistics for the results of the 2001 survey are compared to those from the last major survey of U.S. farm women conducted by Rosenfeld in 1980. Then, using data limited to farm couples, models of job choice considering jointness in participation are estimated and tested under conditions of presence or absence of children, followed by estimation of models of on-farm decision-making using a household bargaining approach. Of particular interest is the effect of the >path= of intergenerational farm transfer (i.e., if inherited or purchased through her family or through her spouse=s/partner=s family) on job choice and farm decision-making. Results show that the work decisions of farm couples are correlated, both when children are present and when they are not. Further, the >path= of farm transfer influences the choices that women make. The transferof the farm through her family has in some cases a positive influence on her choices, both in terms of her involvement on the farm and her participation in farm decisions. Farm transfer through the husband=s/partner=s family generally has strong negative influences on her participation in farm decision-making.

农业妇女在非农劳动力市场上的参与率继续上升，她们在做出重大农业决策方面的参与也在增加，这些决策包括是否买卖土地、采用新的生产方式或投资农业设备。2001年，宾夕法尼亚州立大学与经济研究局(Economic Research Service)的研究人员合作，并与NASS合作，对美国农妇进行了一项调查，所得数据用于考察农妇在农业以外和农业中所扮演的多重工作角色。将2001年调查结果的描述性统计与罗森菲尔德1980年对美国农业妇女进行的上一次主要调查结果进行了比较。然后，使用仅限于农场夫妇的数据，在有或没有子女的情况下估计和检验考虑共同参与的工作选择模型，然后使用家庭谈判方法估计农场决策模型。特别值得关注的是代际农场转移的>路径=对职业选择和农场决策的影响(即，如果是通过她的家庭继承或购买的，或通过她的配偶=s/伴侣=s家庭)。结果显示，农场夫妇的工作决定是相关的，无论是当他们有孩子时，还是当他们没有孩子。此外，农业转移的>路径=影响妇女的选择。在某些情况下，通过家庭转移农场对她的选择产生了积极影响，包括她参与农场活动和参与农场决策。通过丈夫=s/伴侣=s家庭的农场转移通常对其参与农场决策有强烈的负面影响。