英文文献：Technological Spillovers -- The Argument For Trade?-技术溢出——贸易的论点?本文考察了基于技术溢出效应缺失的反贸易理论的有效性
英文文献作者：Czap, Hans J.
英文文献摘要：
This paper examines the validity of anti-trade arguments that are based on the absence of technological spillovers. Results of a pooled cross-section time-series analysis for developing countries fail to support the existence of technological spillovers. Findings of learning-by-doing effects indicate that protectionism might be beneficial under certain circumstances.

对发展中国家进行的集中截面时间序列分析的结果未能支持技术溢出的存在。边做边学的结果表明，保护主义在某些情况下可能是有益的。