英文文献：Economic Analysis of Cellulase Production by Clostridium thermocellum in Solid State and Submerged Fermentation-温热梭菌固态和液体发酵生产纤维素酶的经济分析
英文文献作者：Zhuang, Jun,Marchant, Mary A.,Nokes, Sue,Strobel, Herbert
英文文献摘要：
Dependence on foreign oil remains a serious issue for the U.S. economy. Additionally, automobile emissions related to petroleum-based, fossil fuel has been cited as one source of environmental problems, such as globalwarming and reduced air quality. Using agricultural and forest biomass as a source for the biofuel ethanol industry, provides a partial solution by displacing some fossil fuels. However, the use of high cost enzymes as an input is a significant limitation for ethanol production. Economic analyses of cellulase enzyme production costs using solid state cultivation (SSC) are performed and compared to the traditional submerged fermentation (SmF) method. Results from this study indicate that the unit costs for the cellulase enzyme production are $15.67 per kilogram ($/kg)and $40.36/kg, for the SSC and SmF methods, respectively, while the market price for the cellulase enzyme is $36.00/kg. Profitability analysis and sensitivity analysis also provide positive results. Since these results indicate that the SSC method is economical, ethanol production costs may be reduced, with the potential to make ethanol a viable supplemental fuel source in light of current political, economic and environmental issues.

对外国石油的依赖仍然是美国经济的一个严重问题。此外，与基于石油的化石燃料有关的汽车排放被认为是造成环境问题的一个原因，例如全球变暖和空气质量下降。利用农业和森林生物量作为生物燃料乙醇工业的来源，通过替代一些化石燃料提供了部分解决办法。然而，使用高成本的酶作为投入是乙醇生产的一个重大限制。对固态培养(SSC)生产纤维素酶的成本进行了经济分析，并与传统的浸入式发酵(SmF)方法进行了比较。本研究结果显示，SSC法和SmF法生产纤维素酶的单位成本分别为15.67美元/公斤($/kg)和40.36美元/公斤，而纤维素酶的市场价格为36.00美元/公斤。盈利能力分析和敏感性分析也提供了积极的结果。由于这些结果表明SSC方法是经济的，乙醇的生产成本可能会降低，在当前的政治、经济和环境问题下，有可能使乙醇成为一种可行的补充燃料来源。