英文文献：Efficiency Loss And Tradable Permits-效率损失和可交易许可证
英文文献作者：Liao, Chao-Ning,Onal, Hayri
英文文献摘要：
This research presents a price endogenous mathematical programming model that incorporates the independent, optimizing behavior of individual participants to estimate the possible efficiency loss of a newly developed permit trading market for nitrogen oxides (NOx) control in southern Taiwan. The result shows that when control equipment decisions are indivisible, an efficiency loss may arise due to over-investment. The efficiency loss found here is not because of a bilateral trading process and/or insufficient information for finding trading partners, but it is due to not having full control ability of the installed equipment.

摘要本研究以台湾南部新发展之氮氧化物管制许可交易市场为研究对象，以价格内生的数学规划模型来评估其可能的效能损失。结果表明，当控制设备决策不可分时，过度投资可能导致效率损失。这里发现的效率损失不是由于双边贸易过程和/或寻找贸易伙伴的信息不足，而是由于对所安装的设备没有完全的控制能力。