英文文献：Rethinking Ecosystem Services from an Intermediate Product Perspective-从中间产品的角度重新思考生态系统服务
英文文献作者：Swinton, Scott M.,Zhang, Wei
英文文献摘要：
The Earth's ecosystems provide myriad goods and services that are essential to human wellbeing. This paper offers a typology of ecosystem services that emphasizes the means by which humans experience the service rendered. The typology distinguishes between services that are directly experienced, and those that are indirect. The paper offers an illustration of how indirect services can be valued when they contributed to production of a marketed product. The intermediate product method described is amenable to indirect services that are one stage removed (Tier 2), two stages removed (Tier 3), or even farther removed from the direct services that humans experience. The intermediate product approach to ecosystem service valuation is illustrated by an example of biological pest management to support soybean food production.

地球生态系统提供了无数对人类福祉至关重要的商品和服务。本文提供了一种生态系统服务类型，强调了人类体验服务的方式。类型学区分了直接体验的服务和间接体验的服务。这篇论文举例说明当间接服务对市场产品的生产有贡献时，它们是如何被估价的。所述的中间产品方法适用于被删除了一个阶段(第2层)、删除了两个阶段(第3层)或甚至更远离人类体验的直接服务的间接服务。生态系统服务价值评估的中间产品方法通过一个支持大豆食品生产的生物害虫管理的例子来说明。