英文文献：Scale as a Transaction Cost Variable in the U.S. Biopower Industry-在美国生物能源产业中，规模作为交易成本的一个变量
英文文献作者：Altman, Ira J.,Klein, Peter G.,Johnson, Thomas G.
英文文献摘要：
With increasing interest in renewable energy from agriculture, including biopower and cellulose ethanol, several aspects of the industry must be understood. Study of the organization of the biopower industry represents an under researched area and a new application of transaction cost theory to an emerging industry. Refinement of the theory can also result from challenging applications. This article provides an application of transaction cost economics to the existing United States biopower industry while challenging the empirical convention of excluding production cost variables from transaction cost analysis. Utilizing survey data from 53 biopower generators, scale is modeled as a transaction cost variable in explaining the choice of organizational from. Consistent with transaction cost theory, the probability of observing internal organization is found to be negatively correlated to scale. Given this evidence, this article reconsiders the impact of scale and transaction costs on the choice of organizational from.

随着人们对来自农业的可再生能源(包括生物能源和纤维素乙醇)越来越感兴趣，必须了解该行业的几个方面。生物能源产业组织的研究是交易成本理论在新兴产业中的一种新的应用，是一个有待深入研究的领域。理论的细化也可能来自具有挑战性的应用。这篇文章提供了一个交易成本经济学的应用到现有的美国生物权利产业，同时挑战从交易成本分析中排除生产成本变量的经验惯例。利用53个生物能源发电机的调查数据，规模被建模为一个交易成本变量来解释组织的选择。与交易成本理论一致，观察内部组织的概率与规模呈负相关。基于这一证据，本文从规模和交易成本两个方面重新考虑组织选择的影响。