英文文献：Does Natural Resource Extraction Mitigate Poverty and Inequality? Evidence from Rural Mexico-自然资源开采能缓解贫困和不平等吗?来自墨西哥农村的证据
英文文献作者：Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro,Mora, Jorge,Taylor, J. Edward
英文文献摘要：
The potential importance of natural resources in poor rural household livelihoods has long been recognized but seldom quantified and analyzed. In this paper we examine distributional and poverty effects of natural resource extraction. To do so we use new data from a national rural household survey and a community survey implemented in the Lacandona Rainforest of México. By using Gini and poverty decomposition techniques, as well as bootstrapping methods, we analyze how poverty and inequality change if income from natural resources is not considered when calculating total household income. The marginal impact that a change in price (or in availability) of resources has on inequality is also described. Finally, with information from Frontera Corozal, the community in the Selva Lacandona, the short-run poverty effects of changes in the price of a non-timber forest product (NTFP) are evaluated. Our findings highlight the importance of income from natural resource extraction in alleviating poverty and income inequality in rural México. The loss of income from resource extraction would significantly affect both poverty and inequality nationally as well as in the resource-rich South-Southeast region and in the Lacandona Rainforest community. This research takes a first step towards assessing non-timber forest products extraction as a poverty alleviation tool. Results from the simulation of NTFP price increases in Frontera Corozal show that poverty can be reduced, at least in the short-run, via this price mechanism.

自然资源对贫困农村家庭生计的潜在重要性早就被认识到，但很少进行量化和分析。在这篇论文中，我们研究了自然资源开采的分配效应和贫困效应。为此，我们使用了在墨西哥拉坎多纳雨林实施的全国农村家庭调查和社区调查的新数据。利用基尼系数和贫困分解技术，以及bootstrapping方法，我们分析了在计算家庭总收入时，如果不考虑自然资源收入，贫穷和不平等是如何变化的。资源价格(或可用性)的变化对不平等的边际影响也被描述。最后，利用来自拉坎多纳热带雨林社区Frontera Corozal的信息，评估了非木材森林产品(NTFP)价格变化对贫困的短期影响。我们的研究结果强调了自然资源开采收入对缓解墨西哥农村贫困和收入不平等的重要性。资源开采带来的收入损失将对全国以及资源丰富的南部-东南部地区和拉坎多纳热带雨林社区的贫穷和不平等产生重大影响。这项研究为评估非木材森林产品的开采作为减贫工具迈出了第一步。对Frontera Corozal地区非木制森林产品价格上涨的模拟结果表明，通过这种价格机制，至少在短期内可以减少贫困。