看到网上很多用R读取excel数据的问题，今天就根据本人成功实验的结果，特地把步骤分享出来：
一、加载包：
install.packages("xlsx")
Installing package into ‘/home/jiandong/R/i686-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
also installing the dependency ‘xlsxjars’

试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/xlsxjars_0.6.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 9477071 bytes (9.0 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 9.0 MB

试开URL’https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/xlsx_0.5.7.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 312839 bytes (305 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 305 KB

* installing *source* package ‘xlsxjars’ ...
** 成功将‘xlsxjars’程序包解包并MD5和检查
** R
** inst
** preparing package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** testing if installed package can be loaded
* DONE (xlsxjars)
* installing *source* package ‘xlsx’ ...
** 成功将‘xlsx’程序包解包并MD5和检查
** R
** inst
** preparing package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** installing vignettes
** testing if installed package can be loaded
* DONE (xlsx)

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘/tmp/RtmpjYbp3s/downloaded_packages’

到这里显示安装读取excel的包成功。
如果失败，可能是缺少Rjava和xlsxjars，看下面的帖子自己解决：
Rjava安装问题

看一下原始数据：

library("xlsx", lib.loc="~/R/i686-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4")
载入需要的程辑包：rJava
载入需要的程辑包：xlsxjars
> read.xlsx('/home/jiandong/桌面/data.xlsx')
Error in read.xlsx("/home/jiandong/桌面/data.xlsx") :
  Please provide a sheet name OR a sheet index.
报错：提示需要指定读入那个sheet的数据，那就修改代码如下：



> read.xlsx('/home/jiandong/桌面/data.xlsx','Sheet1')
   X1 X2 X3 X4
1   2  3  4  5
2   3  4  5  6
3   4  5  6  7
4   5  6  7  8
5   6  7  8  9
6   7  8  9 10
7   8  9 10 11
8   9 10 11 12
9  10 11 12 13
10 11 12 13 14
11 12 13 14 15

读取成功。