英文文献：R&D Internationalization, R&D Collaboration and Public Knowledge Institutions in Small Economies Evidence from Finland and the Netherlands-小型经济体的研发国际化、研发协作和公共知识机构来自芬兰和荷兰的证据
英文文献作者：Cees van Beers,Elina Bergh?ll,Tom Poot
英文文献摘要：
This paper investigates innovating firms’ determinants of R&D collaboration with domestic universities and public knowledge institutes in Finland and the Netherlands. Three questions – relevant for innovation policies - constitute the central part of this paper. First, are innovating foreign firms less or more involved in R&D co-operation with domestic public knowledge institutions than innovating domestic firms? Second, do innovating firms that are open to their external knowledge environment have a higher probability to co-operate with public partners than firms that are not or less open? Third, are public knowledge institutions in Finland and the Netherlands attractive R&D partners to innovative firms? Based on data from Community Innovation Surveys we find that foreign firms in the Netherlands are less likely to co-operate with domestic public knowledge institutions than domestic firms, while in Finland no significant difference can be detected. With regard to the second question our findings show that openness of innovating firms is an important determinant of R&D collaboration in both countries. Finally, the empirical results show that knowledge of public partners is considered useful by innovating firms to transform own ideas into concrete innovations in Finland, but not in the Netherlands. However, the type of knowledge – fundamental or applied - is important for R&D collaboration with Dutch public partners, but not for co-operating with Finnish public partners. This raises the issue whether Finnish innovation policies with a strong focus on R&D co-operation provide incentives for domestic public partners to put more emphasis on applied research.

摘要本文以芬兰、荷兰等国为例，探讨了创新企业与国内大学及公共知识机构进行研发合作的决定因素。与创新政策相关的三个问题构成了本文的中心部分。首先，与国内创新企业相比，具有创新精神的外国企业在与国内公共知识机构的研发合作中是少了还是多了?第二，对外部知识环境开放的创新企业是否比不开放或不开放的企业更有可能与公共伙伴合作?第三，芬兰和荷兰的公共知识机构对创新企业有吸引力吗?基于社区创新调查的数据，我们发现，与国内企业相比，在荷兰的外国企业不太可能与国内公共知识机构合作，而在芬兰没有发现显著差异。关于第二个问题，我们的研究结果表明，创新企业的开放性是两国研发合作的重要决定因素。最后，实证结果显示，在芬兰，公共合作伙伴的知识被认为有助于创新企业将自己的想法转化为具体的创新，而在荷兰则不然。然而，这种知识类型——基础知识或应用知识——对于与荷兰公共伙伴的研发合作很重要，但对于与芬兰公共伙伴的合作却不重要。这就提出了这样一个问题:芬兰高度重视研发合作的创新政策是否为国内的公共伙伴提供了激励，使它们更加重视应用研究。