英文文献：SAPPHO Revisited: Factors of Innovation Success in Knowledge-Intensive Enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe-萨福重新审视:中欧和东欧知识密集型企业创新成功的因素
英文文献作者：Slavo Radosevic,Esin Yoruk
英文文献摘要：
This research investigates the mutual and diverging factors for successful and less successful innovations in software and manufacturing of machine tools in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). We apply univariate and multivariate analyses on 115 indicators by revisiting the seminal SAPPHO project based on the analysis of pairs of innovations and conducted at SPRU – Science and Technology Policy Research during the 1970s. We aim to identify principal factors influencing firm success in innovation in the context of CEE and compare our results to those of SAPPHO and see whether any changes took place during the last 40 years in this context after several decades of globalization. Our initial findings from a database of 90 innovations and 45 pairs of innovations – introduced onto the market during the period 2007-2010 - from 51 CEE enterprises demonstrate that, in particular, user and market-driven factors differentiate successful innovations from less successful ones. Our results fully confirm the continuing relevance of SAPPHO results and methodology. Successful innovators have stronger user orientation and better understanding of market demand. Although, CEECs are catching up economies, continuous and strategic R&D and innovation collaboration is essential to generation of greater commercial success from innovation activities. Given the catching-up character of the CEECs this is surprising result which may reflect knowledge-intensive nature of two sectors which form the basis of our sample. Results of this research clearly demonstrate that orientation of the CEEC innovation policies is inconsistent with the characteristics and behaviour of successful innovators.

本研究调查了中欧和东欧(CEE)在软件和机床制造方面成功和不太成功的创新的相互和分歧因素。在对创新进行分析的基础上，通过对萨福项目的回顾，我们对115个指标进行了单变量和多变量分析。萨福项目是在20世纪70年代SPRU科技政策研究中进行的。我们的目标是找出在CEE环境下影响企业创新成功的主要因素，并将我们的结果与SAPPHO的结果进行比较，看看在几十年的全球化之后，在过去40年的这种环境下是否发生了任何变化。我们从51家中东欧企业的90项创新和45对创新(2007-2010年期间投放市场)数据库中得出的初步结论表明，用户和市场驱动因素是成功创新与不成功创新的区别。我们的结果完全证实了萨福结果和方法论的持续相关性。成功的创新者具有更强的用户导向，更好地理解市场需求。尽管中东欧国家的经济正在迎头赶上，但持续和战略性的研发和创新合作对于创新活动产生更大的商业成功至关重要。鉴于中东欧国家的追赶特征，这一结果令人惊讶，可能反映了构成我们样本基础的两个行业的知识密集性。研究结果清楚地表明，中东欧国家创新政策的导向与成功创新者的特征和行为不一致。