英文文献：Organizational and Innovative Flexibility Mechanisms and their Impact upon Organizational Effectiveness-组织和创新的灵活性机制及其对组织有效性的影响
英文文献作者：Reinhard Lund
英文文献摘要：
This paper presents a lexical definition of firms' flexibility and its operationalization as used in the DISKO survey of 1900 Danish private firms. This operationalization is highlighted by data from a highly flexible firm which was visited in 1997 as part of a follow-up upon the questionnaire survey of which the firm in question was a part. The aim is to understand the flexible traits and their meaning for effectiveness. The analysis shows how the interviewees’statements give an understanding of the firm’s flexibility and its effectiveness and how their explanations draw upon elements from the operationalization as well as elements not included in the operationalization but can be seen as part of the lexical definition. The results point to the importance for effectiveness of the firm's culture based upon openness, cooperation and service mindednes in combination with a group structure which means extended cross functional information processes. These processes are supported by information and communication technology founded on a common understanding among the users building upon learning activities. From these connections stem extended relationships with customers and a rich web of processes conducive for new ideas on products and services. Details of these relationships are presented. From this analysis is also drawn a few conclusions regarding the problem of operationalization of flexibility. Results from the questionnaire survey are given as background information and include the distribution of the 1900 firms as measured by a flexibility index and divided according to a typology of static, flexible, innovative and dynamic firms.

本文提出了在DISKO对1900个丹麦私营企业的调查中使用的企业灵活性的词汇定义及其运作化。1997年访问了一家高度灵活的公司，作为该公司参与的问卷调查的后续行动的一部分，该公司的数据突出了这一业务化。目的是了解柔性特征及其对有效性的意义。分析表明,受访者'statements给理解公司的灵活性和其有效性和他们的解释如何利用元素的操作化以及元素不包括在操作化,但可以视为词汇定义的一部分。研究结果表明，开放、合作和服务为基础的企业文化对效率的重要性，并与团队结构相结合，这意味着扩展跨职能的信息处理。这些过程是由信息和通信技术支持的，这些信息和通信技术建立在用户对学习活动的共同理解之上。从这些联系中产生了与客户的延伸关系和丰富的过程网络，有利于产品和服务的新想法。详细介绍了这些关系。从这一分析中还得出了关于灵活性的实施问题的一些结论。问卷调查的结果作为背景信息给出，包括以灵活性指数衡量的1900家公司的分布情况，并根据静态、灵活、创新和动态公司的类型进行划分。