英文文献：Production, Planning and Prices-生产、计划和价格
英文文献作者：George B. Richardson
英文文献摘要：
Firms do not exist because of the cost of using the price mechanism, but because they enable actions to be carried out concurrently in conformity with a particular design. This concurrent coordination, which production requires, is distinct from the evolutionary coordination, which is the unintended consequence of market transactions. The two processes are alternatives only to a limited extent. Evolutionary adjustment cannot bring about concurrent coordination, and irreducible uncertainty limits the scope of the planning which does.

公司的存在不是因为使用价格机制的成本，而是因为它们使行动能够按照特定的设计同时进行。生产所需要的这种并行协调不同于进化协调，后者是市场交易的意外结果。这两个过程只是在有限的程度上是可选择的。进化调整不能带来并行协调，而不可减少的不确定性限制了并行协调规划的范围。