Economic Development in the Digital Age (Nagy K. Hanna) .pdf
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The digital revolution is creating unprecedented opportunities and challenges for economic development. Developing countries and aid agencies must embrace digital technologies and reinvent public policies and strategies for digital transformation to tackle interrelated grand development
challenges: growing poverty and inequality, hunger and food insecurity, jobs and unemployment, health and pandemics, access to education, governance and corruption, conflicts and security, and water scarcity and climate change. Information and communication technology (ICT) is a general-purpose technology that can be harnessed to provide innovative, powerful, and smart solutions across all these challenges.
This book draws from my long practice in international development assistance driven by a passion to overcome global poverty and fight for justice and inclusion. Throughout the book, I reflect upon my broad experience in strategic planning and development assistance, especially in light of the rise of digitally-enabled development. It is inspired by the revolutionary advances in digital technologies as they offer
powerful tools for transforming the development process and shaping the future of humanity. In particular, the recent wave of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), offers dramatic opportunities and transformational capabilities even while presenting existential risks to societies.

数字革命为经济发展创造了前所未有的机遇和挑战。发展中国家和援助机构必须拥抱数字技术，并重新设计公共政策和数字转型的策略，以应对相互关联的重大发展挑战：日益增长的贫困和不平等、饥饿和食品安全、就业和失业、健康和流行病、教育获取、治理和腐败、冲突和安全、水资源稀缺和气候变化。信息和通信技术（ICT）是一种通用技术，可以用来为所有这些挑战提供创新、强大和智能的解决方案。

资料源于作者在国际发展援助领域的长期实践，我怀着激情致力于克服全球贫困，并为正义和包容而战。在整本书中，我反思了自己在战略规划和开发援助方面的广泛经验，特别是在数字赋能发展兴起的背景下。它受到数字技术革命性进步的启发，这些技术为转变发展过程和塑造人类的未来提供了强大的工具。特别是最近一波数字技术，包括人工智能（AI），即使在给社会带来存在性风险的同时，也提供了戏剧性的机会和变革性的能力。

1 The Global, Technological, and Institutional Contexts 1
Challenges Facing Humanity 2
Evolving Concepts of Economic Development 4
A Changing Development Environment 5
Defining Digital Transformation 7
Why Digital Transformation? 9
Learning Journey at the Bank 12
An Evolving Learning Bank 14
2 Motivations 19
Motivations 19
Early Encounters with Poverty 23
Why the World Bank? 32
Managerial Culture at World Bank 33
3 Early Engagements 41
The Sudan Experience 41
Development Management in Indonesia 43
Working for Peace in the Middle East 51
Country Engagements Takeaways 59
Strategic Planning and Evaluation 63
Understanding Demand for ICT Applications 72
Rethinking Development: A Staff Manifesto 73
Challenges of ICT in Development Projects 75
4 Responding to the Digital Revolution 77
Toward a Knowledge Bank 78
How Did the Bank Respond? 82
Responding to Country Demand and Ownership 83
From Research to Advocacy 89
5 Examining World Bank Digital Strategies 95
A Last ICT Sector Strategy 96
Toward Regional Strategies 98
The Central Asia Case 98
A Corporate Strategy for Digital Staffing? 100
6 Advocacy for Digital Transformation 103
Advocacy for Digital Development 106
Building Digital Leadership Capacity 110
Joining Global Forums and Think Tanks 113
Evolving Conceptions of Digital Transformation 115
7 Digital Strategy for Aid Agencies 121
Agency Governance, Leadership, and Strategy 122
Staffing and Strategic Resource Allocation 127
Culture for Learning, Innovation, and Evaluation 129
Partnership Across Sectors and Aid Agencies 134
Progress and Challenges 138
Shaping the Future 142
My Relevant Publications 145
Index 153