LONDON Britain has killed two of its own nationals who had been fighting for Islamic State (IS) and plotting attacks on British soil, in its first air strike in Syria, Prime Minister David Cameron said on Monday.

As thousands of asylum-seekers poured into Germany over the weekend, German Chancellor Angela Merkel sought to reassure citizens.

Germany will spend around $6.6 billion to cope with some 800,000 migrants and refugees expected to have crossed into the country by the end of 2015, the government said early Monday.

ROME — Italy's highest court said Monday that the case against the Seattle resident Amanda Knox and her former boyfriend —

Our study aims to investigate the association

Olli Nummela

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

他在采访中谈到了苹果的另一名更著名的联合创始人乔布斯（Steve Jobs）。沃茨毫不客气的说，乔布斯在Apple I 和II电脑的设计上无足轻重，他不懂技术，他不是硬件工程师没有设计过任何东西，他也不知道软件，但他想成为重要的人，而重要的人从来都是商人。这就是他想要成为的人。

$\Sigma_1=\Sigma_2$

DDoS攻击

LaTeX要学好真得好好下功夫啊

市场建设再进一步 三大交易所拟引入指数熔断机制 　　经中国证监会同意，沪、深交易所和中金所拟在保留现有个股涨跌幅制度前提下，引入指数熔断机制。

****可能看似光鲜，实则不然。经济学家称，8月份经济增长动能可能依然疲弱，上年同期比较基础较低可能在一定程度上导致数据虚高。

嘉能可(Glencore)宣布了通过暂停分红、出售资产和增发新股来削减其高达300亿美元的债务的计划。这家金属和矿业巨头正在奋力应对重挫其股价的大宗商品价格暴跌。

One of the highly touted features of R is that it allows you, me, and everyone to create packages.

Packages are collections of functions that are made to enable end-users to analyze their data more quickly and efficiently.

But the package framework is not just suited to allow experts to distribute their statistical approaches and techniques to a wide audience via CRAN, but it also allows us to collect functions we define ourselves in a single place.

They are a great way of making your analysis more efficient if you often find yourself doing the same steps again and again.

Over the coming weeks I will try to give a brief and simple introduction into the basics of building R packages for your own home use.

Mostly, it will contain stuff that I wished someone had told me, when I started out combining my own functions into packages.

This week we’ll start out with a part on the prerequisites – which is why I labeled it Part 0 – of your R-setup.

Using an Editor

When writing functions and creating packages it is extremely important to write your syntax in an environment that has functionalities beyond the basic R GUI. Many people use RStudio, which I can also wholeheartedly recommend. A main pro of RStudio is that it is a cross-platform IDE, meaning that your R-Code will look and feel the same on a Windows machine and on a Mac Book (which can be incredibly helpful if you’re teaching R). The same goes for Emacs with ESS. Most other alternatives are more OS-specific: Notepad Plus with the NppToR add-on is a good choice on Windows and gedit with the rgedit extension is what I can recommend if you’re running Ubuntu Linux. No matter which of these you choose, they all give you much more information about your code than standard R and – in some cases – come with a plethora of debugging functionalities which are quite handy for writing your own packages.

Setting up R in Ubuntu (15.04)

At this point I’ll assume that you have R installed on your machine. If you don’t, follow these instructions on the official site. For creating your own packages it is important that you not only install the base version of R, but also the developer version via terminal.

Additionally, there are two packages I would strongly recommend using when you are building your own R packages: devtools and roxygen2. The problem with using the former is that it requires some additional libraries to be installed on your machine. What you can do is to install all the necessary libraries.

Once these are installed you can open up R and use to install these two packages.

#Setting up R in Windows

If you are running Windows, the initial setup is a bit more complicated. But, with a few tweaks it is possible to make the package building work just fine. Because I run Ubuntu on my machine I am no expert with setting this up but following this excellent guide by Steven Mosher, I was able to make it work in 10 minutes on Windows 8.1 (and it still works despite the upgrade to Windows 10).

Setting up R in Mac OS X

If you are running Mac OS X you don’t need to take any extra steps in your R setup. It should work straight out of the box – but be aware that the current R version (3.2.2 as of this writing) will only run on Mac OS X 10.9 or higher.

So, now that we’ve gotten this out of the way, we can start taking the first steps towards building our own R package.

Next time, we’ll create some functions and start the initial package build.

Today I am happy to announce a new lesson for my free email course Learn to Map Census Data in R. This lesson explains how to get and map historic census data in R. While I had intended this lesson to only go to new signups, it looks like my email provider sent it (along with resending the conclusion email!) to anyone who ever took the course. I apologize for this! For reference, here is the lesson: