昨日阅读1小时，累计阅读306小时！

<div align=\"left\"  >阅读1小时，总计673小时，第637日。<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >阅读《论美国的民主》至72%<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >专制在本质上是害怕被治者的，所以它认为人与人之间的隔绝是使其长存的最可靠保障，并且总是倾其全力使人与人之间隔绝。在人心的所有恶之中，专制最欢迎利己主义。只要被治者不互相爱护，专制者也容易原谅被治者不爱他。专制者不会请被治者来帮助他治理国家，只要被治者不想染指国家的领导工作，他就心满意足了。他颠倒黑白，把齐心协力创造社会繁荣的人称为乱民歹徒，把自顾自己的人名为善良公民。因此，专制所造成的恶，也正是平等所助长的恶。专制和平等这两个东西，是以一种有害的方式相辅相成的。<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >美国人以自由抵制平等所造成的个人主人，并战胜了它。美国的立法者们认为，只在全国实行代议制，还不足以治愈社会机体在民主时期自然产生的而且危害极大的疾患。<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >全国的共同大事，只由一些主要公民操持。这些公民也只是隔一段时间同聚一堂开开会，而且往往是会后彼此便很少见面了，所以他们之间没有永久性的联系。但是，在地方上的事情由当地居民主管时，这些居民自然要经常接触，而且可以说他们不得不彼此认识和互相讨好。<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >美国居民享有的自由制度，以及他们可以充分行使的政治权利，使每个人时时刻刻和从各个方面都在感到自己是生活在社会里的。这种制度和权利，也使他们的头脑里经常想到，为同胞效力不但是人的义务，而且对自己也有好处。同时，他们没有任何私人的理由憎恨同胞，因为他们既非他人的主人，又非他人的奴隶，他们的心容易同情他人。他们为公益最初是出于必要，后来转为出于本意。靠心计完成的行为后来变成习性，而为同胞的幸福进行的努力劳动，则最后成为他们对同胞服务的习惯和爱好<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >如果一个民主国家的政府到处都代替社团，那末，这个国家在道德和知识方面出现的危险将不会低于它在工商业方面发生的危险。<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >在美国，对于物质福利的热爱并不是个别的，而是普遍的。虽然不是每个人都以同样的方式去热爱，但至少人人都有这种热爱。在那里，满足身体的微不足道的需要，为生活创造小小的方便，也是人们普遍关心之所在。<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >我完全同意，社会的安宁是一件大好事；但我也不愿意忘记，所有的国家在出现暴政之前，也经过一段秩序良好的时期。当然，这不是说任何国家都应当轻视社会安宁；但也不应说，一个国家只有社会安宁就足够了。如果一个民族只要求他们的政府维持秩序，则他们在内心深处已经是奴隶，即已成为自己财富的奴隶，而将要统治他们的人不久也就可能出现了。<br>

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<div align=\"left\"  >不管在什么时代，领导国家的人都应当高瞻远瞩；而在民主和怀疑盛行的时代，尤其应当如此。民主国家的领导人这样做了以后，不仅会使国运昌盛，而且又会通过自身的实例使人们学会处理私事的方法。最为重要的是，执政者必须尽一切力量在为政当中排除没有长远打算的侥幸心理。<br>

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昨日阅读4小时，总计12小时，第5日。
今天看完了《名创优品没有秘密》，觉得名创优品如果上市可能也是一个挺优质的资产。虽然竞争对手很多，但名创有它无可替代的东西。同时它告诉我们，零售行业是有机会的。

1.今天你阅读到的有价值的全文内容链接

https://www.amazon.com/Teach-Yourself-About-Shares-Sharemarket/dp/1742168485

2.今天你阅读到的有价值的内容段落摘录

960 words deleted, copyright issue.

3.今天你阅读到的有价值信息的自我思考点评感想

昨天被问到A股公司的解禁股消息，有不同批次的公司进入解禁名单，包含各公司解禁股融资额，问题是此类消息是利好还是利空？

Increase number of shares on issue can benefit shareholders if there is an anticipation of company's long term profitability, on the other hand, they can be worse off if investors perceive pessimistic views.

Increase number of shares on issue enables listed company obtain additional equity capital to pay off debt, buy other entity's assets or operation, or for internal improvement.

By contrast, this increase can incur cost and it reduces company's profit. So investors' anticipation will be negatively affected.

To sum up, increase number of shares on issue can be either beneficial or adverse. Investors need to consider all the potential effects before making decision.

4.今日你阅读的时间量（小时计算，如0.5小时）

2

5.你参与活动至今的总时间量（小时计算，如20小时）

25

2018-11-06

昨日阅读1小时，累计阅读446小时                          

Continue to read book "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" by Yuval Noah Harari

Harari primarily presents an hypothesis as to how Homo sapiens who successfully migrated out of Africa circa 70 kya (thousand years ago) and thereafter, successfully dominating the planet, differed from earlier Homo sapiens who attempted out migration previously (e.g. around 130 kya) but were not successful. Keep in mind that Homo neanderthals in Europe and Homo erectus in Asia had climate and environment adaptations that sapiens did not have and were separate species. Harari claims (assumes) that the later sapiens differed from the earlier sapiens in only one way. They had evolved the ability to form an "inter-subjective reality," as opposed to objective reality (physical) or subjective reality (in only one person's mind). They were able to tell stories and believe them, independent of physical reality.

Everything from myth to religion to nations to moral codes to money are inter-subjective realities according to Harari. They have force in the physical world as long as people believe them, and cease to exist the moment people no longer believe them. This explains how people could cooperate in groups larger than 150, giving them a military and security advantage, and encouraging specialization which eventually gave them a technological advantage.

Moreover, Harari claims (assumes) all these later sapiens were genetically identical, and that the variations in societies are purely cultural, i.e. inter-subjective realities. He presents history as an erratic evolution toward global unity, which is essentially demanded by the nature of inter-subjective realities, requiring belief of all those in mutual frequent contact, but he doesn't say how.

In fact, Harari presents only anecdotal evidence for his claim. He presents no empirical studies regarding the flexibility of humans toward inter-subjective realities, and no mathematical models of its development, evolutionary advantage, or stability. He describes the scientific method as an important development, and requires it to include both mathematical models and verification of them. But he does not use either in his treatise. Thus he presents an important and interesting hypothesis, but not in a scientific manner. He makes not even suggestions as to how to further formulate or verify it as a scientific theory. Perhaps he is trapped in the inter-subjective reality of history as liberal arts, not science.

The term "intersubjective" does exist in the literature of psychology and philosophy, primarily as a synonym for "agreement," but there is no agreement about its definition (Gillespie and Cornish 2009, Journal for Theory of Social Behavior) state:

"The concept of intersubjectivity is used widely, but with varying meanings. Broadly speaking, we take intersubjectivity to refer to the variety of possible relations between people’s perspectives. If we take social life to be founded on interactions then intersubjectivity should be a core concept for the social sciences in general and understanding social behaviour in particular. Perhaps because of this broad relevancy research has been fragmented and at least six definitions are in circulation. Most simplistically, intersubjectivity has been used to refer to agreement in the sense of having a shared definition of an object."

昨日阅读3小时，累计310小时
====================
Python编程从入门到精通---Matplotlib库的继续深入学习

====================
《思想的力量：哲学导论》
65. 公元前6世纪，第一代哲学家（生活在小亚细亚海岸爱奥尼亚一带），统称为前苏格拉底哲学家（pre-Socratic philosophers）。大多数人只有残章断句传世或者干脆只字不留。

66. 凭借经验我们知道和古人感同身受有时候是相当困难的。然而这些哲学先驱的思想对我们今天的世界产生了如此深远的影响。苏格拉底之前的古希腊时期，人们的视角发生了决定性的转变，这最终使得深刻理解自然世界得以可能。（这种变化并非必然，比如现在仍然存在原始社会中的许多成员不具备这种眼光）

67. 先进的技术文明需要各种有利因素的共同作用。先进的文明这一事实，是两路思想发展的直接结果，其一是希腊人创立的数学学科，另一路发展，就是希腊人创立的哲学，特别是形而上学。

68. 米利都派哲学家：
泰勒斯（Thales），思考是否存在某种构成万物的始基的时候，哲学起步了。他认为万物皆水。他试图用更简单、更基础的实在来解释我们眼中复杂的世界。这一尝试标志着形而上学的开端，也是科学的开端。

阿那克西曼德（Anaximander）认为万物的始基必须要比水和我们所掌握的其他物质更加基本。且必定是永恒的、无限的以及不确定的。他用自然的力量和过程提出了一个解释世界万物的宇宙理论。

阿那克西美尼（Anaximenes）宣称气是万物的始基，通过凝聚和稀薄的过程形成不同的事物。
他试图用其理论来解释自然现象，努力确定万物的始基发生变化的基本规律，这种努力一直持续到了今天。
===========================
Blockchain：
< 数 字签 名 >
签名:
    Signature signer = Signature.getInstance(SIGN_ALGORITHM);
    signer.initSign(keypair.getPrivate());
    signer.update(plain);
    signature = signer.sign()
验签:
    Signature signer = Signature.getInstance(SIGN_ALGORITHM);
    signer.initVerify(keypair.getPublic());
    signer.update(plain);
    boolean result = signer.verify(signature);

几个要点在实际使用过程中必须要注意：
    ▲ JDK 自带的 JCE 实 现 算 法不全
     这里有两个原因：
     (1) 国家安全出口保护规定（美国）
     根据美国安全出口规定，不能对某些国家出口RSA2048、AES256等以上安全算法。解决办法
     是到JDK的下载站上下载Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy，解压缩到JRE的lib/security下即可。
    (2) 国密和扩展算法缺失
     免费提供的不能强求，不过还是有很多开源和商用的加密组件，这里推荐使用Bouncy  Castle，虽然不是最快的，但是完全开源，支持C#, C++, Java多种语言。
     把Bouncy Castle集成到JRE有两种方法，一种是修改JRE的java.security增加一个Provider，另一种直接在代码初始化的时候调用Security.addProvider加进去即可:
    Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
    ▲Android使用Bouncy Castle注意
    Bouncy Castle（BC）很强大，Google的android内核也集成了，但是由于安全要求，这个加密包是阉割过的，自己再集成BC又导致包冲突。
    解决办法是：换一个包名字，到https://rtyley.github.io/spongycastle/可以获取
==========================
昨日3 h
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继续努力和消化。。。。
     

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坚持

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昨日阅读时间1小时，总阅读时间40小时。

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Topics; today focuses on manufacturing curve, manufacture cost, opportunity cost, manufacture quantity related to labor and capital, how to maximize the profit, reduce the cost, price strategy, marginal rate for substitution, elasticity/inelascity, substitution and complement, normal good and inferior goods.
Learn: microeconomics is quite interesting, which based on the rational individual ECO with the assumption, the more the better. Economics studies how to allocate the limited resource to satisfy unlimited request. So of course, there is no issue to occupy more. How to consume the minimal resource to create or contribute the maximum output is quite attractive for investigation.

http://nianjian.******/tags.php?/%E5%B1%8F%E5%B1%B1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4/1/13541527454/

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你们都使用什么阅读软件呢

所有软件均可，纸质书，微信阅读也都可以

好多收费内容微信读书

好多收费内容微信读书

挺好的