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Be sure that your Stan programs ends in a blank line without any characters including spaces and comments.

In this Stan program, we let theta be a transformation of mu, eta, and tau instead of declaring theta in the parameters block, which allows the sampler will run more efficiently (see detailed explanation). We can prepare the data (which typically is a named list) in R with:

schools_dat <- list(J = 8,
                    y = c(28,  8, -3,  7, -1,  1, 18, 12),
                    sigma = c(15, 10, 16, 11,  9, 11, 10, 18))

schools_dat <- list(J = 8,
                    y = c(28,  8, -3,  7, -1,  1, 18, 12),
                    sigma = c(15, 10, 16, 11,  9, 11, 10, 18))

And we can get a fit with the following R command. Note that the argument to file = should point to where the file is on your file system unless you have put it in the working directory of R in which case the below will work.

fit <- stan(file = '8schools.stan', data = schools_dat)

The object fit, returned from function stan is an S4 object of class stanfit. Methods such as print, plot, and pairs are associated with the fitted result so we can use the following code to check out the results in fit. print provides a summary for the parameter of the model as well as the log-posterior with name lp__ (see the following example output). For more methods and details of class stanfit, see the help of class stanfit.

S4 object

In S3, you can turn any object into an object of a particular class just by setting the class attribute.

The S4 approach differs from the S3 approach to creating a class in that it is a more rigid definition. The idea is that an object is created using the setClass command. The command takes a number of options. Many of the options are not required, but we make use of several of the optional arguments because they represent good practices with respect to object oriented programming.

First, everything in R is treated like as an object. We have seen this with functions. Many of the objects that are created within an R session have attributes associated with them. One common attribute associated with an object is its class.

Model improvement follows the idealized steps listed on the first page of Bayesian Data Analysis:

• Set up a full probability model. Define a joint probability distribution for all observable and unobservable quantities in a problem. The model should be consistent with knowledge about the underlying scientific problem and the data collection process.

• Condition on observed data. Calculate and interpret the appropriate posterior distribution – the conditional probability distribution of the unobserved quantities of ultimate interest, given the observed data.

• Evaluate the fit of the model and the implications of the resulting posterior distribution. How well does the model fit the data, are the substantive conclusions reasonable, and how sensitive are the results to the modeling assumptions? In response, one can alter or expand the model and repeat.

  
  

Be sure that your Stan programs ends in a blank line without any characters including spaces and comments.

In this Stan program, we let theta be a transformation of mu, eta, and tau instead of declaring theta in the parameters block, which allows the sampler will run more efficiently (see detailed explanation). We can prepare the data (which typically is a named list) in R with:

13825071791

多拉A梦剧场版

Be sure that your Stan programs ends in a blank line without any characters including spaces and comments.

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Be sure that your Stan programs ends in a blank line without any characters including spaces and comments.

V2Ray + Tor: A New Kind of Non-PT Tor Bridge to Circumvent Censorship
This is a second experiment in building a non-Pluggable Transport (PT) form of Tor bridge. The first experiment used ShadowsocksR (SSR). This design had certain limitations. This second experiment uses V2Ray instead of SSR.

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v

链接：

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1VT9xUobNz5fpMslpjGMcoQ

Be sure that your Stan programs ends in a blank line without any characters including spaces and comments.

Be sure that your Stan programs ends in a blank line without any characters including spaces and comments.

Be sure that your Stan programs ends in a blank line without any characters including spaces and comments.

谢谢分享

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