今天学习和阅读约5小时，累计阅读约1715小时。
学习和投资心得：
安全边际的哲学：就是严格教导我们要控制风险，留有余量。有了安全边际的保驾护航，投资风险就有了严格的控制，使损失不至于过大，也使投资决策过程更加理性，不至于被预期的高收益冲昏头脑。利用好安全边际哲学理论，使用沃伦策略放大本金进场，严格控制风险。止损我们常常说事前设置止损点比事中止损要好，除了心态上要降低预期，还要留出止损空间，这样的方法也是安全边际哲学的应用。举例来讲：设置一个安全边际幅度，幅度的设置可以是估值变动的百分位，或者是股价的跌幅，当他们的跌幅超过一定程度时，比如10%或者15%，便开始重新审视基本面因素是否发生变化。没有变化且在幅度内的，可以放心持有，如果一旦基本面因素或者投资逻辑发生变化，就要严格止损。安全边际的哲学就是严格教导我们要控制风险，留有余量。有了安全边际的保驾护航，投资风险就有了严格的控制，使损失不至于过大，也使投资决策过程更加理性，不至于被预期的高收益冲昏头脑。最后一个也是最重要的，就是根据基金的估值指标来确定基金的安全边际。估值是简单易学，而且可以量化的重要分析指标，可以直接看出基金是否便宜。随着A股的扩容、监管加强、信息传播效率提升机构投资者增加等，市场的有效性大幅提升。近年来，战胜市场基准的投资者明显降低，持续战胜市场基准的投资者比例更低。随着市场有效性的提升，市场的超额收益已经在快速降低。而指数化投资以低廉的管理费，加上买入持有策略为主的低换手，综合费用远低于主动基金。据估算指数化投资的年化综合费用要低于主动基金大概3个百分点左右，在整体市场超额收益下降的趋势中，战胜市场主要基准难度还会进一步提升。确定安全边际主要参考基金的市盈率和市净率在历史估值中所处的百分位，所处百分位较低就代表当前相对被低估，这也是安全边际的重要参考标准。安全边际主要参考基金的市盈率和市净率在历史估值中所处的百分位，如果是投资指数基金或行业基金这个可以参考这个指数一览表，有估值百分位可供参考。安全边际，是我们买入股票时想要买入品种的考量是否安全，说白了就是成本线，也就是本金生命线。

昨日阅读1小时，累计阅读123小时

昨日阅读1小时，累计阅读122小时。继续阅读《我国生态文明建设的科学基础与路径选择》，发表些带酸味的生态感言。说到这个问题，我是很兴奋的，期望食品安全问题也有望解决。在全国生态环境保护大会上，书记指出生态环境质量持续好转并出现稳中向好趋势，但成效并不稳固，生态文明建设正处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期，已进入提供更多优质生态产品以满足人民日益增长的需要，其实现在中国也有条件有能力解决生态环境突出问题。生态文明建设面临的新形势，对我们加强生态环境保护，打好污染防治攻坚战具有重要意义。

昨天阅读3小时，总共阅读805小时

————————————
190208 Fri
【用思想来投资】
时间投入：阅读0.5h，共计9h。
阅读材料&具体内容&思考点评：
1.Why Buddhism is True
【摘录-
*And maybe that’s what “you” are after letting go of the idea of the self: a kind of purified form of consciousness.
*In other words, the “engagement” persists so long as the person fails to realize that the aggregates are “not-self”. The person clings to emotions, thoughts, and other elements of the aggregates as if they were personal belongings. But they’re not.
*…liberation consists of changing the relationship between your consciousness and the things you normally think of as its “contents”— your feelings, your thoughts, and so on.
*Maybe this “witness consciousness” is where the “you” that is left over after liberation resides.
【思考-今天阅读的几页继续讲的是用旁观者视角去看待问题，能够获得自由。审视自己的情绪、自己的观念，将其与自我分离开来，不为之感到狂喜、焦虑和沮丧。书中提到的“purified form of consciousness”是我希望通过练习能达到的状态。


【每日计划清单】
1.阅读1h-X
3.运动15min-O
4.Anapana1h-X
5.对长辈耐心及尊敬，温和而坚定-O

【二月充实挑战
-读完Why Buddhism is True一书|进度16%
-Anapana22小时（内观冥想）|进度2h


【实践感言】
与长辈一同外出，经常只能利用排队、等餐的碎片时间阅读，注意力还没有完全集中，就已经要做下一件事了，有时则是不太能静下来。晚上回到酒店，又没能立即阅读和总结，临睡前回想今日的感悟，效果并不好。
在家、独处或规律生活中坚持较为容易，而在变动中仍能坚持，应该是很好的考验和经历吧。

昨天阅读1小时，累计阅读1155小时。

昨天阅读1小时，累计阅读158小时。

昨日阅读0.5小时，累计阅读255.5小时

阅读1小时，累计阅读226小时

昨日阅读2小时，累计阅读1081小时。

昨日阅读 4 h，累计 621 h
==================
《思想的力量：哲学导论》

363. Aristotle认为我们天生就有的最重要的或最高目标，就是获取幸福，因为只有幸福是我们仅仅因其本身而追求它的。所以幸福就是我们最高的善。

他推出，幸福包含两部分内容：享受（快乐），以及理性能力的运用和提供。对于理性能力的运用是幸福的最重要的组成部分。他坚持认为，仅仅快乐还不足以构成幸福。
这种对理性独特能力的运用，就是Aristotle所说的德性。他著名的论断：幸福就是合乎德性的行动。
德性分两种：理智的德性（积极运用理性能力，去研究自然或就某事作出计划）；道德的德性（运用理性能力来调节、平衡冲动和欲望）

364. 《尼各马可伦理学》（Nicomachean Ethics）Aristotle的伦理学著作，很大一部分就是在分析特殊的道德德性。
他说那是两端之间的中道（mean between extremes）（如，勇气就是恐惧一切和毫无恐惧之间的中道）
德性必须成为习惯（即一个人如果仅仅偶尔运用他的理性能力，他就没有承担起他应负的职责，即他没有德性）
他的洞见：人的快乐揭示了他真正的道德品性。

365. 工具性目的（instrumental end）：做某件事是把它当作达到别的目的的手段。
自为的目的（intrinsic end）：我们为了这件事本身而做这件事。

====================
Blockchain：
22.
    Creative and copyright records
    Copyright and creative records can be secured and authenticated, keeping a tab on copyright misuse and licensing.
    One premier example of this is KodakCoin, which is a photographer-oriented cryptocurrency based on blockchain, launched to be used for payments of licensing photographs.
    University degree records
    Verification, authentication, and inspection is hard. It is highly prone to theft and misuse. Blockchain can offer a great semi-private access to the records, making sure signing of degrees is done digitally using blockchain.
    Gradual record keeping of degrees and scores will benefit efficient utilization of resources as well as proper distribution and ease in inspection process.
    The preceding are just some of the varied use cases of blockchain, apart from Bitcoins and alternative cryptocurrencies. In the coming chapters, we will be discussing these points in much more detail.
    Challenges
    As with any technology, there are various challenges and limitations of blockchain technology. It is important to address these challenges and come up with a more robust, reliable, and resourceful solution for all. Let's briefly discuss each of these challenges and their solutions.
    Complexity
    Blockchain is complex to understand and easy to implement.
    However, with widespread awareness and discussions, this might be made easier in the future.

====================
昨日阅读 4 h
累计 621 h

Byzantine
*[bi'zæntain]
a. 拜占庭帝国的, 拜占庭式的

battalion
*[bә'tæljәn]
n. 营, 军队, 集团
相关词组:
  a battalion of
noun
1 : a considerable body of troops organized to act together : ARMY
2 : a military unit composed of a headquarters and two or more companies, batteries, or similar units
3 : a large group

昨天阅读2小时, 累计阅读240小时
阅读2小时-O Done.  完成

Material: Ambiguity and accounting: The elusive link between information and decision making;
Author: James G.March/Stanford University
Reflection: this paper argues the theories of choice, as reflected in micro-ecoomics,n-person game theory, or statistical decision theory, are incomplete and potential misleading bases for thinking about and modifying the design of information systems including accounting system. This argument stems from recent behaviorial research on the ambiguities surrounding individual and organizational decision making. It is developed around four single assertions: 1. Contemporary ideas about information engineering tie strategies for seeking, organizing, and utilizing information to ideas of anticipatory, consequential choice as pictured in decision theory, 2. Behavioral studies of decision making in organization indicate that the portrayal of decision making and information found in decision theory ignores or significantly underestimates the ambiguities of choice 3. Analysis of discrepancies theory between the actual behavior of decision makers and the recommendations of decision theory shows that the behavior often introduces elements of good sense not routinely recognized within the theory, so an information system that is closely articulated with choices in the way anticipated by decision theory is often incomplete.4. as a result, the engineering of information might profit from conceptions of decision making and information that blend the traditions of theories of choice with an understanding of the traditions of history, culture, and literature.

昨日阅读1小时，累计阅读109小时

昨天阅读2小时，累计阅读401小时。

昨日阅读1小时，累计阅读555小时