CHAPTER 5 Evaluating Performance
of High-Frequency Strategies 49
Basic Return Characteristics 49
Comparative Ratios 51
Performance Attribution 57
Other Considerations in Strategy Evaluation 58
Conclusion 60
CHAPTER 6 Orders, Traders, and Their
Applicability to High-Frequency
Trading 61
Order Types 61
Order Distributions 70
Conclusion 73
CHAPTER 7 Market Inefficiency and Profit
Opportunities at
Different Frequencies 75
Predictability of Price Moves at High Frequencies 78
Conclusion 89
CHAPTER 8 Searching for High-Frequency
Trading Opportunities 91
Statistical Properties of Returns 91
Linear Econometric Models 97
Volatility Modeling 102
Nonlinear Models 108
Conclusion 114
CHAPTER 9 Working with Tick Data 115
Properties of Tick Data 116
Quantity and Quality of Tick Data 117
Bid-Ask Spreads 118