关于"外部性"的概念
目前,环境经济学界通常使用Baumol和Oates(1988)在其经典著作《环境政策理论》中对外部性的定义:
"An externality is present whenever some individual's (say A's) utility or production relationships include real (that is, nonmonetary) variables, whose values are chosen by others (persons, corporations, governments) without particular attention to the effects on A's welfare."
William J. Baumol and Wallace E. Oates. The Theory of Environmental Policy [M]. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
该书第一版于1975年,由Prentice-Hall Inc.出版。国内有翻译版,由经济科学出版社出版。
该书第三章与第四章对外部性进行了全面且深入的探讨.