1 论文标题 ：Harder, Better, Faster, Longer: How Rivalry Drives Performance and Participation in Knowledge Work

2 作者信息：Grad, Tom, Christoph Riedl, I. Q. S. S. Harvard, and Gavin J. Kilduff

3 出处和链接（比如，NBER working paper No.11000）：暂未找到蚊香链接，贴主仅在谷歌学术中检索到该文的标题和作者，发表于期刊或会议尚不明确

4 摘要：仅找到的部分摘要如下：Prior research has hinted at the power of rivalry relationships, based in historical interactions rather than current levels of competition, to increase performance on effort-based tasks in competitive settings. However, today’s economy depends critically on knowledge work, which differs from the more physical, effort-based tasks examined previously in that 1) competition often takes place virtually rather than face-to-face; 2) performance depends heavily upon accuracy in addition to effort; 3) high performance entails long-term engagement in addition to short-term task completion. In this paper, we explore these important differences to form theory around how, and under what conditions, rivalry will affect knowledge work performance. We model rivalry and competition as peer effects to disentangle and identify the causal effects of rivalry. Building on data from computer programming contests involving over 10.6 million …