CITF-TOPIC 1 学习笔记-the concept of comparative advantage
比较优势的概念-the concept of comparative advantage
简单的例子-Simplified example
英国更擅长生产衣物、葡萄牙更擅长生产土豆。经过分工贸易，英国和葡萄牙使用同样的生产资料各自获得了更多的衣物。（If the UK devoted four units of production to cloth and Portugal devoted its two units of production to tomatoes, the UK would produce four rolls of cloth and Portugal would produce 200kg of tomatoes. Thus the total output of the two countries is now greater than before for the same total number of units of production。）
比较优势的假设-Assumptions
相比葡萄牙，英国将付出更大的成本或努力和代价生产土豆。这些成本可能是温室、燃料还有灌溉。（Greater effort and higher costs will be required in the UK to produce the same quantity of tomatoes when compared with Portugal. For example, greenhouses, as well as additional fuel and irrigation, may be required.）<br>
一单位生产要素在两国间是相同的，没有交易费用和运输费用。（A unit of production is identical in both countries for the production of both goods.There are no transaction costs in connection with the trade.）<br>
两国都能从贸易中得到利益。（The gains from comparative advantage are split evenly, as each country gains the same, ie one roll of cloth.）<br>
没有汇兑纠纷。（There are no foreign exchange rate complications.）<br>
两国的生产者不会停产。（The tomato growers in England and the cloth producers in Portugal will not object to being ‘closed down’.）