摘要翻译：
最近的研究表明，现代人和古人类之间的杂交在我们人类的历史上是司空见惯的。混合后，部分常染色体混合个体携带现代智人单亲DNAs，其余携带古老版本DNAs。常染色体和单亲DNA混合的共同进化可以使现代单亲DNA中的某些位点回复到古老的等位基因，而在古老的单亲DNA中的某些位点则会发生相反的过程（从古老到现代）。这种类型的共同进化是区分现代人类Y系统发育树两种不同模式的要素之一，它要么植根于非洲，要么植根于东亚。在亚洲模型中，预期的向古老等位基因的逆转是假设发生的，并且易于追踪，但在非洲模型中由于其无限位点假设而没有，这也排除了古老单亲DNA中向现代等位基因的独立或聚合突变，因为突变被假设在中性基因组中随机发生，聚合进化被假设不发生。在这里，我们检查了新发表的两个丹尼索瓦人和两个尼安德特人样本的高覆盖率Y染色体测序数据，以确定他们是否携带现代智人等位基因，而根据非洲模型，他们不应该携带现代智人等位基因。结果表明，根据亚洲模式可以区分原始现代Y和原始古代Y的部位中，有很大一部分在这里的古代Y样本中携带现代等位基因。其中一些现代等位基因在所有古代人类中都有，而其他等位基因可以区分丹尼索瓦人和尼安德特人。这一观察最好由古老的Y和混合的现代常染色体的共同进化来解释，因此支持亚洲模型，因为它考虑了这种共同进化。
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英文标题：
《Modern alleles in archaic human Y chromosomes support origin of modern
  human paternal lineages in Asia rather than Africa》
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作者：
Hongyao Chen and Shi Huang
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  Recent studies have shown that hybridization between modern and archaic humans was commonplace in the history of our species. After admixture, some individuals with admixed autosomes carried the modern Homo Sapiens uniparental DNAs, while the rest carried the archaic versions. Coevolution of admixed autosomes and uniparental DNAs is expected to cause some of the sites in modern uniparental DNAs to revert back to archaic alleles, while the opposite process would occur (from archaic to modern) in some of the sites in archaic uniparental DNAs. This type of coevolution is one of the elements that differentiate the two different models of the Y phylogenetic tree of modern humans, rooting it either in Africa or East Asia. The expected reversion to archaic alleles is assumed to occur and is easily traceable in the Asia model, but is absent in the Africa model due to its infinite site assumption, which also precludes the independent or convergent mutation to modern alleles in archaic uniparental DNAs since mutations are assumed to occur randomly across a neutral genome, and convergent evolution is assumed not to occur. Here, we examined newly published high coverage Y chromosome sequencing data of two Denisovan and two Neanderthal samples to determine whether they carry modern-Homo Sapiens alleles in sites where they are not supposed to according to the Africa model. The results showed that a significant fraction of the sites that, according to the Asia model, should differentiate the original modern Y from the original archaic Y carried modern alleles in the archaic Y samples here. Some of these modern alleles were shared among all archaic humans while others could differentiate Denisovans from Neanderthals. The observation is best accounted for by coevolution of archaic Y and admixed modern autosomes, and hence supports the Asia model, since it takes such coevolution into account.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.13473