摘要翻译：
对1947-2005年美国个人收入基尼系数的演变进行了分析和建模。美国人口普查局（美国CB）为这一时期提供了几个版本的个人收入分配(PID)，具有不同的分辨率。有效地，由于离散和连续表示之间的差异，这些PID导致不同的基尼系数。当所有15岁及以上的人都被纳入社会发展指数时，基尼系数从1947年的0.64下降到1990年的0.54。这种影响是由于没有收入的人的比例显著减少而产生的。至于不包括无收入人士的个人资料发展计划，在1960年至2005年间，基尼系数的变动幅度约为0.51，标准差为0.004，即事实上是不变的。根据对收入定义的任何修订，基尼系数实际上独立于包括在PIDs中的人口部分。描述个人收入（微观经济水平）及其总价值（宏观经济水平）演变的模型的驱动力是人均名义GDP的变化。该模型准确地预测了有收入人群PIDs基尼系数的演变。该模型给出了1947年至2005年间几乎不变的（归一化的）PIDs和基尼系数。当无收入人口减少时，经验的基尼系数曲线收敛于预测的基尼系数曲线。当所有劳动年龄人口都获得适当的收入定义时，经验曲线将逐渐向理论曲线崩溃。因此，基尼系数模型可能更好地描述美国不平等的真实行为，因为美国人口普查局使用的收入定义显然未能描述真实的收入分配。
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英文标题：
《Modeling the evolution of Gini coefficient for personal incomes in the
  USA between 1947 and 2005》
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作者：
Ivan O. Kitov
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最新提交年份：
2008
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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英文摘要：
  The evolution of Gini coefficient for personal incomes in the USA between 1947 and 2005 is analyzed and modeled. There are several versions of personal income distribution (PID) provided by the US Census Bureau (US CB) for this period with various levels of resolution. Effectively, these PIDs result in different Gini coefficients due to the differences between discrete and continuous representations. When all persons of 15 years of age and over are included in the PIDs, Gini coefficient drops from 0.64 in 1947 to 0.54 in 1990. This effect is observed due to a significant decrease in the portion of people without income. For the PIDs not including persons without income, Gini coefficient is varying around 0.51 between 1960 and 2005 with standard deviation of 0.004, i.e. is in fact constant. This Gini coefficient is practically independent on the portion of population included in the PIDs according to any revision of income definitions. The driving force of the model describing the evolution of individual incomes (microeconomic level) and their aggregate value (macroeconomic level) is the change in nominal GDP per capita. The model accurately predicts the evolution of Gini coefficient for the PIDs for people with income. The model gives practically unchanged (normalized) PIDs and Gini coefficient between 1947 and 2005. The empirical Gini curves converge to the predicted one when the number of people without income decreases. Asymptotically, the empirical curves should collapse to the theoretical one when all the working age population obtains an appropriate definition of income. Therefore the model Gini coefficient potentially better describes true behavior of inequality in the USA because the definitions of income used by the US Census Bureau apparently fail to describe true income distribution.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0811.0356