英文标题：
《Negative votes to depolarize politics》
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作者：
Karthik H. Shankar
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最新提交年份：
2020
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英文摘要：
  The controversies around the 2020 US presidential elections certainly casts serious concerns on the efficiency of the current voting system in representing the people\'s will. Is the naive Plurality voting suitable in an extremely polarized political environment? Alternate voting schemes are gradually gaining public support, wherein the voters rank their choices instead of just voting for their first preference. However they do not capture certain crucial aspects of voter preferences like disapprovals and negativities against candidates. I argue that these unexpressed negativities are the predominant source of polarization in politics. I propose a voting scheme with an explicit expression of these negative preferences, so that we can simultaneously decipher the popularity as well as the polarity of each candidate. The winner is picked by an optimal tradeoff between the most popular and the least polarizing candidate. By penalizing the candidates for their polarization, we can discourage the divisive campaign rhetorics and pave way for potential third party candidates.
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中文摘要：
围绕2020年美国总统选举的争议无疑对当前投票制度在代表人民意愿方面的效率产生了严重担忧。天真的多数派投票适合极端两极分化的政治环境吗？替代投票计划正逐渐获得公众支持，选民们对自己的选择进行排名，而不是只投票给自己的第一选择。然而，它们并没有捕捉到选民偏好的某些关键方面，比如不赞成和对候选人的否定。我认为，这些未被表达的消极因素是政治两极分化的主要根源。我提出了一个明确表达这些负面偏好的投票方案，这样我们就可以同时解读每个候选人的受欢迎程度和极性。赢家是通过在最受欢迎的候选人和最不两极分化的候选人之间进行最佳权衡来选择的。通过惩罚候选人的两极分化，我们可以阻止分裂性的竞选言论，并为潜在的第三方候选人铺平道路。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：Theoretical Economics        理论经济学
分类描述：Includes theoretical contributions to Contract Theory, Decision Theory, Game Theory, General Equilibrium, Growth, Learning and Evolution, Macroeconomics, Market and Mechanism Design, and Social Choice.
包括对契约理论、决策理论、博弈论、一般均衡、增长、学习与进化、宏观经济学、市场与机制设计、社会选择的理论贡献。
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一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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