英文标题：
《Microscopic Models for Welfare Measures Addressing a Reduction of
  Economic Inequality》
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作者：
Maria Letizia Bertotti, Giovanni Modanese
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最新提交年份：
2014
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英文摘要：
  We formulate a flexible micro-to-macro kinetic model which is able to explain the emergence of income profiles out of a whole of individual economic interactions. The model is expressed by a system of several nonlinear differential equations which involve parameters defined by probabilities. Society is described as an ensemble of individuals divided into income classes; the individuals exchange money through binary and ternary interactions, leaving the total wealth unchanged. The ternary interactions represent taxation and redistribution effects. Dynamics is investigated through computational simulations, the focus being on the effects that different fiscal policies and differently weighted welfare policies have on the long-run income distributions. The model provides a tool which may contribute to the identification of the most effective actions towards a reduction of economic inequality. We find for instance that, under certain hypotheses, the Gini index is more affected by a policy of reduction of the welfare and subsidies for the rich classes than by an increase of the upper tax rate. Such a policy also has the effect of slightly increasing the total tax revenue.
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中文摘要：
我们建立了一个灵活的从微观到宏观的动力学模型，该模型能够解释个人经济互动中出现的收入状况。该模型由多个非线性微分方程组表示，其中包含由概率定义的参数。社会被描述为分成收入阶层的个人的集合；个人通过二元和三元互动交换货币，总财富保持不变。三元相互作用代表了税收和再分配效应。动力学通过计算模拟进行研究，重点是不同的财政政策和不同权重的福利政策对长期收入分配的影响。该模型提供了一种工具，有助于确定减少经济不平等的最有效行动。例如，我们发现，在某些假设下，基尼指数受富裕阶层福利和补贴减少政策的影响更大，而不是受较高税率增加的影响。这样的政策也有略微增加总税收的效果。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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