英文标题：
《A geometrical imaging of the real gap between economies of China and the
  United States》
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作者：
Ali Hosseiny
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最新提交年份：
2019
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英文摘要：
  GDP of China is about 11 trillion dollars and GDP of the United States is about 18 trillion dollars. Suppose that we know for the coming years, economy of the US will experience a real growth rate equal to \\%3 and economy of China will experience a real growth as of \\%6. Now, the question is how long does it take for economy of China to catch the economy of the United States. The early impression is that the desired time is the answer of the equation $11\\times1.06^X=18\\times1.03^X$. The correct answer however is quite different. GDP is not a simple number and the gap between two countries can not be addressed simply through their sizes. It is rather a geometrical object. Countries pass different paths in the space of production. The gaps between GDP of different countries depend on the path that each country passes through and local metric. To address distance between economies of China and of the US we need to know their utility preferences and the path that China passes to reach the US size. The true gap then can be found if we calculate local metric along this path. It resembles impressions about measurements in the General Theory of Relativity. Path dependency of aggregate indexes is widely discussed in the Index Number Theory. Our aim is to stick to the geometrical view presented in the General Relativity to provide a visual understanding of the matter. We show that different elements in the general relativity have their own counterparts in economics. We claim that national agencies who provide aggregate data resemble falling observers into a curved space time. It is while the World Bank or international organizations are outside observers. The vision provided here, leaves readers with a clear conclusion. If China keeps its growth rate, then the economy of China should catch the economy of the United States sooner than what we expect.
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中文摘要：
中国的GDP约为11万亿美元，美国的GDP约为18万亿美元。假设我们知道，未来几年，美国经济的实际增长率将达到\\%3，而中国经济的实际增长率将达到\\%6。现在的问题是，中国经济要多久才能赶上美国经济。早期的印象是，所需的时间是方程式$11\\times1.06^X=18\\times1.03^X$的答案。然而，正确的答案却大不相同。GDP不是一个简单的数字，两国之间的差距不能简单地通过其规模来解决。它相当于一个几何物体。各国在生产空间中走不同的道路。不同国家GDP之间的差距取决于每个国家通过的路径和当地指标。为了解决中美经济体之间的距离问题，我们需要了解它们的效用偏好以及中国达到美国规模的途径。如果我们沿着这条路径计算局部度量，那么就可以找到真正的差距。它类似于广义相对论中关于测量的印象。在指数数论中，聚合指数的路径依赖性被广泛讨论。我们的目标是坚持广义相对论中提出的几何观点，以提供对物质的视觉理解。我们证明了广义相对论中的不同元素在经济学中有其对应的元素。我们声称，提供聚合数据的国家机构就像掉进弯曲时空中的观察员。而世界银行或国际组织则是外部观察员。这里提供的愿景给读者留下了一个明确的结论。如果中国保持增长率，那么中国经济应该比我们预期的更快赶上美国经济。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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