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ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE 1
1. Form the possessive singular of nouns
by adding's. 1
2. In a series of three or more terms with
a single conjunction, use a comma after
each term except the last. 2
3. Enclose parenthetic expressions
between commas. 2
4. Place a comma before a conjunction
introducing an independent clause. 5
5. Do not join independent clauses with
a comma. 5
6. Do not break sentences in two. 7
7. Use a colon after an independent clause
to introduce a list of particulars, an
appositive, an amplification, or an
illustrative quotation. 7
8. Use a dash to set off an abrupt break
or interruption and to announce a long
appositive or summary. 9
9. The number of the subject determines
the number of the verb. 9
10. Use the proper case of pronoun. 11
vi] CONTENTS
11. A participial phrase at the beginning
of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject. 13
II. ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF
COMPOSITION 15
12. Choose a suitable design and hold to it. 15
13. Make the paragraph the unit of composition. 15
14. Use the active voice. 18
15. Put statements in positive form. 19
16. Use definite, specific, concrete language. 21
17. Omit needless words. 23
18. Avoid a succession of Ioase sentences. 25
19. Express coordinate ideas in similar form. 26
20. Keep related words together. 28
21. In summaries, keep to one tense. 31
22. Place the emphatic words of a sentence
at the end. 32
III. A FEW MATTERS OF FORM 34
IV WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
COMMONLY MISUSED 39
\Z AN APPROACH TO STYLE
(With a List of Reminders) 66
1. Place yourself in the background. 70
2. Write in a way that comes naturally. 70
3. Work from a suitable design. 70
4. Write with nouns and verbs. 71
5. Revise and rewrite. 72
6. Do not overwrite. 72
7. Do not overstate. 73
8. Avoid the use of qualifiers. 73
9. Do not affect a breezy manner. 73
10. Use orthodox spelling. 74
CONTENTS [vii
11. Do not explain too much. 75
12. Do not construct awkward adverbs. 75
13. Make sure the reader knows who is
speaking. 76
14. Avoid fancy words. 76
15. Do not use dialect unless your ear is
good. 78
16. Be clear. 79
17. Do not inject opinion. 79
18. Use figures of speech sparingly. 80
19. Do not take shortcuts at the cost of
clarity. 80
20. Avoid foreign languages. 81
21. Prefer the standard to the offbeat. .81
AFTERWORD 87
GLOSSARY