关于环境经济的三篇论文

专题名称：环境经济

涉及期刊：The Review of Financial Studies、National Bureau of Economic Research（NBER）、《经济研究》

# 01 #

题目：

Can Environmental Policy Encourage Technical Change? Emissions Taxes and R&D Investment in Polluting Firms

作者：

James R Brown（Ivy College of Business, Iowa State University, USA）

Gustav Martinsson（KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden）

Christian Thomann（Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden）

来源：

The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 35, Issue 10, October 2022, Pages 4518–4560

摘要：

Higher country taxes on noxious manufacturing emissions lead to substantial increases in firms’ R&D spending. The R&D response is entirely driven by those high-pollution firms most affected by emissions taxes. Pollution taxes increase the marginal value of R&D spending in polluting firms, even when this spending does not lead to new innovation. Pollution taxes have the strongest effect on R&D investment in sectors in which new invention is difficult to appropriate and outside knowledge is easier to acquire, suggesting an important reason dirty firms invest in R&D is to expand their capacity to absorb external knowledge and technical know-how.

主要涉及数据：

1. firm-level sample（公司层面数据） ：from the Compustat Global and North Americadatabases；

2.pollution taxes（污染税数据）：from Environmental StringencyIndex, PINE Databases(OECD)；

3. Patent count（专利数据）：from the Worldwide Patent Statistical Database(PATSTAT) maintained by the European Patent Office (EPO)

# 02 #

题目：

Air Pollution and the Labor Market: Evidence from Wildfire Smoke

作者：

Mark Borgschulte、Eric Zou、David Molitor

来源：

NBER Working Paper, 2022

摘要：

We study how air pollution impacts the U.S. labor market by analyzing effects of drifting wildfire smoke that can affect populations far from the fires themselves. We link satellite smoke plumes with labor market outcomes to estimate that an additional day of smoke exposure reduces quarterly earnings by about 0.1 percent. Extensive margin responses, including employment reductions and labor force exits, can explain 13 percent of the overall earnings losses. The implied welfare cost of lost earnings due to air pollution exposure is on par with standard valuations of the mortality burden. The findings suggest that labor market channels warrant greater consideration in policy responses to air pollution.

主要涉及数据：

1. Wildfire Smoke Data(野火烟雾数据）: from Hazard Mapping System (HMS);

2. Pollution data（污染数据）: from the EPA’s Air Quality System;

3. Weather Data（天气数据）: from the Global Historical Climatology Network of the National Climatic Data Center;

4. Labor Market Data（劳动力市场数据）: from Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)

# 03 #

题目：

环境规制的产业转移升级效应与银行协同发展效应——来自长江流域水污染治理的证据

作者：

罗    知：武汉大学经济发展研究中心

齐博成：伦敦政治经济学院

来源：

《经济研究》2021年第2期

摘要：

环境规制是否能实现青山绿水和金融发展的双赢是同时打赢"三大攻坚战"的关键。严格的环境规制可能带来大量高污染企业的关停并转、企业违约风险加大,对于高污染企业集聚的地区而言,甚至有可能产生银行的信贷风险。本文利用"十一五"规划中的水污染治理政策作为外生的政策冲击,以长江流域的85个城市作为样本,研究结果显示,环境规制加强不仅没有对银行业产生负面冲击,反而能显著带动地区银行业的协同发展。本文从产业转移升级视角来解释这一现象:(1)严格的环境规制使得污染程度较高的企业产值下降,由此产生的产品供给缺口转移到污染程度较低的企业。污染程度较低的企业产值提高增加了信贷需求,从而推动了银行业发展。(2)严格的环境规制也推动了地区的产业结构升级,第三产业无论是产值还是比重都出现了显著的提高,这都将增加信贷需求,促进银行业发展。   

关键词：

环境规制；银行业发展；产业转移；产业升级            

主要涉及数据：

数据来自中国工业企业数据库、《中国城市统计年鉴》和中国银监会公布的许可证机构持有证列表。

COD相关数据：

空气质量站点监测数据（OPEN）

中国历史天气数据（OPEN）

全球专利及引用与与被引用信息

线上招聘网站数据

中国银行网点全集数据

中国工业企业基本信息数据增强版

中国环境统计年鉴数据