A property observed in high reliability fault tolerant control systems is the relatively rare occurrence of component failures compared to the frequent occurrence of redundancy management decision events. This property leads to a temporal decomposition of the semi-Markov chain（半马尔科夫链） reliability model into two times scales: a slow time scale for failure events, a fast time scale for FDI events. Conditions are described under which a perturbed semi-Markov chain can be approximated by an enlarged Markov process, the parameters of which are derived from the parameters of the semi-Markov chain.

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