In August 2010, the Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Directorate of the National Science Foundation (NSF/SBE) invited members of concerned research communities to submit white papers outlining the future of their sciences on a decadal scale in a project named “SBE 2020: Future Research in the Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences.” Prospective authors were encouraged to describe foundational and transformative questions in the content of their science, the skills and capabilities required to pursue those questions, and the infrastructure of services and resources that would enable such research. NSF/SBE was especially interested in the scientists’ ideas about big questions that were likely to drive next generation research in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences.