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Useful Texts
Auerbach, A., and M. Feldstein. Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 1 & 2. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1985 and 1987. Atkinson, A, and J. Stiglitz. Lectures in Public Economics. New York: McGraw Hill, 1980. Laffont, J. Fundamentals of Public Economics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988. Myles, G. Public Economics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pechman, J. Federal Tax Policy. 5th ed. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1987. Stiglitz, J. Economics of the Public Sector. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1988.
1. Public goods 1.1 Efficient Public Goods Provision
Atkinson, A., and N. Stern. "Pigou, Taxation and Public Goods." In Review of Economic Studies 41, 1974, pp. 119-128. C. Ballard, and D. Fullerton. "Distortionary Taxes and the Provision of Public Goods." In Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, Summer 1992, pp. 117-131. Boadway, R., and M. Keen. "Public Goods, Self-Selection and Optimal Income Taxation." International Economic Review v34, n3, August 1993, pp. 463-78. Gaube, T. "When do Distortionary Taxes Reduce the Optimal Supply of Public Goods?" In Journal of Public Economics 76, May 2000, pp. 151-180. Kaplow, L. "The Optimal Supply of Public Goods and the Distortionary Cost of Taxation." In National Tax Journal v49, n4, December 1996, pp. 513-33. King, M. "A Pigouvian Rule for the Optimal Provision of Public Goods." In Journal of Public Economics 30, 1986, pp. 273-292. Laffont, J. Chap. 2. Morgan, J. "Financing Public Goods by Means of Lotteries." In Mimeo. Princeton, 1996. Pirtill瓣, Jukka, and Matti Tuomala. "On optimal nonlinear taxation and public good provision in an overlapping generations economy." In Journal of Public Economics 79, 3, March 2001, pp. 485-502. Samuelson. P. "The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure." In Review of Economics and Statistics 36, November 1954, pp. 387-389.
1.2 Providing Public Goods with Asymmetric Information: Preference Revelation
Atkinson, A., and J. Stiglitz. Chap. 10. Laffont, J. Chap. 4 and 5. Sen. A. Chap. 1-3 In Collective Choice and Social Welfare. San Francisc Holden Day, 1970. Tideman, N., and G. Tullock. "A New and Superior Process for Making Social Choices," In Journal of Political Economy 84, 1976, pp. 1145-1159. Varian, H. "A Solution to the Problem of Externalities When Agents Are Well-Informed." In American Economic Review 84, December 1994, pp. 1278-1293.
1.3 Voluntary Private Provision of Public Goods and Private Charity
Andreoni, J. "Impure Altruism and Donation to Public Goods; A Theory of Warm Glow Giving." In Economic Journal 100, 1990, pp. 464-477. ___. "An Experimental Test of the Public Goods Crowding Out Hypothesis." In American Economic Review 83, December 1993, pp. 1317-1327. Bergstrom, T., L. Blume, and H. Varian. "On the Private Provision of Public Goods." In Journal of Public Economics 29, 1986, pp. 25-49. Demsetz, H. "The Private Production of Public Goods." In Journal of Law and Economics 13, 1970, pp. 293-306. Hansmann, H. "Nonprofit Enterprise in the Performing Arts." In Bell Journal of Economics 12, 1981, pp. 341-361. Kingma, B. "An Accurate Measurement of the Crowd-Out Effect, Income Effect, and Price Effect for Charitable Contributions." In Journal of Political Economy 97, October 1989, pp. 1197-1207. Kagel, J., and A. Roth, J. Ledyard. "Public Goods: A Survey of Experimental Research." In, eds., The Handbook of Experimental Economics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 111-194. Roberts, R. "Financing Public Goods." In Journal of Political Economy 95, 1987, pp. 420-437. Steinberg, Richard. Voluntary Donations and Public Expenditures in a Federalist System. The American Economic Review Vol. 77, No. 1. Mar. 1987, pp. 24-36.
1.4 Income Tax Deduction of Charitable Donations
Atkinson, A. B. "The Income Tax Treatment of Charitable Contributions." In Public and Urban Economics: Essays in the Honor of William S. Vickrey, ed. R Grieson, NY DC Heath, 1976. Clotfelter, C. Federal Tax Policy and Charitable Giving. Chicago Press, 1985. ___. "The Impact of Tax Reform on Charitable Giving: A 1989 Perspective," In J. Slemrod, ed. Do Taxes Matter?, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990, pp. 203-235. M Feldstein. A Contribution to the Theory of Tax Expenditures; The Case of Charitable Giving, The Economics of Taxation., ed. H Aaron, and M. Boskin, 99-122. Brookings, 1980. Reece, W., and K. Zieschung. "Consistent Estimation of the Impact of Tax Deductibility on the Level of Charitable Contributions." In Econometrica 54, 1985, pp. 271-293. Saez, E. "The Optimal Treatment of Tax Expenditures." In NBER WP 8037, 2000. ___. "The Desirability of Commodity Taxation under Non-Linear Income Taxation and Heterogeneous Tastes." In NBER WP 8029, 2000.
2. Tax Treatment of Donations, Gifts and Estates 2.1 Background 2.1.1 Individual Motivation
Altonji, J., F. Hayashi, and L. Kotlikoff. "Parental Altruism and Inter Vivos Transfers: Theory and Evidence." In Journal of Political Economy 105, December 1997, pp. 1121-1166. Bernheim, A., A. Shleifer, and L. Summers. "The Strategic Bequest Motive." In Journal of Political Economy 93, December 1985, pp. 1045-1076. Carroll, Christopher D. "Why do the rich save so much." In Joel B Slemrod (ed.) "Does Atlas Shrug?" The Economic Consequences of Taxing the Rich. Harvard University Press, 2000. Hurd, M. "Savings of the Elderly and Desired Bequests." In American Economic Review 77, 1987, pp. 298-312. ___. "Mortality Risk and Bequests." In Econometrica 57, 1989, pp. 779-813. Kotlikoff, L. "Intergenerational Transfers and Saving." In Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2, Spring 1988, pp. 41-58. Modigliani. F. "The Role of Intergenerational Transfers and Lifecycle Saving in the Accumulation of Wealth." In Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, Spring 1988, pp. 15-40. Wilhelm, M. "Bequest Behavior and the Effect of Heirs Earnings: Testing the Altruistic Model of Bequests." In American Economic Review 86, September 1996, pp. 874-892.
2.1.2 Annuities
Brown, J. "Are the Elderly Really Over-Annuitized? New Evidence on Life Insurance and Bequests." In D. Wise, ed., Themes in the Economics of Aging. University of Chicago Press for NBER, 2001. ___. "Differential Mortality and the Value of Individual Account Retirement Annuities." In NBER Working Paper No. 7560, 2000 and forthcoming in M. Feldstein, and J. Liebman, The Distributional Effects of Social Security Reform. University of Chicago Press for NBER. ___. "How Should We Insure Longevity Risk in Pensions and Social Security?" In Center for Retirement Research Issue in Brief. August 2000. ___. "Mortality Risk, Inflation Risk, and Annuity Products." In NBER Working Paper No. 7812, 2000 and forthcoming in Z. Bodie, B. Hammond, O. Mitchell, and S. Zeldes, Financial Innovations in Retirement Income. University of Pennsylvania Press for the Pension Research Council. ___. "Private Pensions, Mortality Risk, and the Decision to Annuitize." In Journal of Public Economics Vol. 82, No. 1, October 2001. ___. "Redistribution and Insurance: Mandatory Annuitization with Mortality Heterogeneity." In Center for Retirement Research Working Paper. March 2001. Brown, J., and J. Poterba. "Joint Life Annuities and the Demand for Annuities by Married Couples." In The Journal of Risk and Insurance. December 2000. Brown, J., and M. Warshawsky. "Longevity-Insured Retirement Distributions from Pension Plans: Regulatory and Market Issues." forthcoming, in W. Gale, J. Shoven and M. Brown, J., O. Mitchell, and J. Poterba. "The Role of Real Annuities and Indexed Bonds in an Individual Accounts Retirement Program." In J. Campbell and M. Feldstein, RiskAspects of Investment-Based Social Security Reform. University of Chicago Press for NBER, 2001. Brown, J., O. Mitchell, J. Poterba, and M. Warshawsky. "Taxing Retirement Income: Non-Qualified Annuities and Distributions from Qualified Accounts." In The National Tax Journal Vol. LII, No. 3, September 1999. ___. The Role of Annuities in Financing Retirement. MIT Press, 2002. Brugiavini, A. "Uncertainty Resolution and the Timing of Annuity Purchases." In Journal of Public Economics 50, 1993, pp. 31-62. Davidoff, T., J. Brown, and P. Diamond. "Annuities and Individual Welfare." MIT, unpublished, 2001. Friedman, B., and M. Warshawsky. "The Cost of Annuities: Implications for Saving Behavior and Bequests." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 105, 1990, pp. 135-154. Kotlikoff, L., and A. Spivak. "The Family as an Incomplete Annuities Market." In Journal of Political Economy 89, 1981, pp. 372-291. Mitchell, O., J. Poterba, M. Warshawsky, and J. Brown. "New Evidence on the Money's Worth of Individual Annuities." In American Economic Review Vol. 89, No. 5, December, 1999. Warhsawsky. Public Policies and Private Pensions. Brookings Institution.
2.2 Taxing Gifts to Individuals
Kaplow, Louis. "A note on subsidizing gifts." JPubE, 1995, 58, pp. 469-478.
2.3 Estate Taxes
Aaron, H., and A. Munnell. "Reassessing the Role for Wealth Transfer Taxes." In National Tax Journal 45, June 1992, pp. 119-144. Arrondel, L., and A. Laferrere. "Taxation and Wealth Transmission in France." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, pp. 1 and 3-33. Bernheim, B. "Does the Estate Tax Raise Revenue?" In L. Summers, ed., Tax Policy and the Economy Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 121-132. Bernheim, B., R. Lemke, and J. Scholz. "Do Estate and Gift Taxes Affect the Timing of Private Transfers." In NBER Working Paper 8333, June, 2001. Cremer, H., and P. Pestieau. "Non-linear Taxation of Bequests, Equal Sharing Rules, and the Trade-off Between Intra and Inter-Family Inequalities." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, pp. 35-53. Gale, William G., James R. Hines, Jr. and Joel Slemrod, ed.s, "Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation." Washington: Brookings Institution. Gale, W.G., and J. B. Slemrod. "We Tax Dead People." In WP, Office of Tax Policy Research. University of Michigan Business School. (also in Gale, Hines and Slemrod). Gokhale, J. L.J. Kotlikoff, J. Sefton, and M. Weale. "Simulating the Transmission of Wealth Inequality via Bequests." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, pp. 93-128. Hochguertel, Stefan, and Henry Ohlsson. Compensatory inter vivos giftsi. unpublished, 2000. Joulfaian, D. "Estate Taxes and Charitable Bequests by the Wealthy." In National Tax Journal. 2000, 53, pp. 743-764. Jousten, A. "Life-cycle Modeling of Bequests and their Impact on Annuity Valuation." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, pp. 149-177. Kaplow, L. "A Framework for Assessing Estate and Gift Taxation." In NBER Writing Paper 7775, 2000. Kopczuk, W. "The Trick is to Live: Is the Estate Tax Social Security for the Rich?" unpublished, University of Michigan. Laitner, J., and H. Ohlsson. "Bequest Motives: A Comparison of Sweden and the United States." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, pp. 205-236. McGarry, K. "The Cost of Equality: Unequal Bequests and Tax Avoidance." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, 179-204. ___. "Inter Vivos Transfers or Bequests? Estate Taxes and the Timing of Parental Giving." In Tax Policy and the Economy 2000, 14, 93-122. Poterba, J. "The Estate Tax and After-Tax Investment Returns." In NBER Working Paper 6337, December 1997. ___. "The Estate and Gift Tax and Inter Vivos Giving in the United States." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, 237-264. Papers from CRR conference, October, 2001
3. Social Security 3.1. Social Insurance Theory
Akerlof, G. "The Market for Lemons." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 85. 1970, pp. 488-500. In P. Diamond & M. Rothschild, Uncertainty in Economics. New York: Academic Press, Revised Edition, 1989. Atkinson, A.B. "Income Maintenance and Social Insurance." In A. Auerbach and M. Feldstein. eds., Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 2, Amsterdam: North Holland, 1987, pp. 779-908. Diamond, P. "A Framework for Social Security Analysis." In Journal of Public Economics 8, 1977, pp. 275-298. ___. "Issues in Social Insurance." 1993. In Jacobs, Kalai and Kamein eds., Nancy L. Schwartz Memorial Lecture, Northwestern University in Frontiers of Research In Economic Theory: The Nancy L. Schwartz Memorial Lectures, 1983-1997. Cambridge University Press, 1998. ___. "Government Provision and Regulation of Economic Support in Old Age." In Bruno and Pleskovic (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics. 1995, Washington DC: The World Bank. pp. 83-103. Feldstein, M. "Social Insurance." In Public Policy 25, 1977, pp. 81-115. ___. "Seven Principles of Social Insurance." In Challenge. November 1976. Rothschild, M., and J. Stiglitz. "Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 91, 1976, pp. 629-649. Shavell, S. "On Moral Hazard and Insurance." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 93, 1979, pp. 541-562. (also Section 6, "Experience Rating." In Mimeo). Shiller, Robert J. Macro Markets. Clarendon Press Oxford, 1993. von, J., Weizsaecker. Hayek's obvious corollary. Unpublished, University of Munich, 2000. Wilson, C. "The Nature of Equilibrium in Markets with Adverse Selection." In Bell Journal of Economics. Spring 1980, pp. 108-130.
3.2 Within Cohort Theoretical Models
Diamond, P. Munich Lectures. MIT mime Chap. 3 "Models of Optimal Lifetime Taxation with Time-Consistent Preferences." Chap. 4 "Models of Optimal Lifetime Taxation with Time-Inconsistent Preferences." Chap. 6 "Models of Optimal Retirement Incentives with Varying Disutility of Labor." Chap. 7 "Models of Optimal Retirement Incentives with Varying Life Expectancy." Diamond, P., and J. Mirrlees. "A Model of Social Insurance with Variable Retirement." In Journal of Public Economics 10, 1978, pp. 295-336. ___. "Social Insurance with Variable Retirement and Private Saving." In Journal of Public Economics (forthcoming). ___. "Payroll-Tax Financed Social Security with Variable Retirement." In Scandinavian Journal of Economics 88, 1986, pp. 25-50. Eckstein, Z., M. Eichenbaum, and D. Peled. "Uncertain Lifetimes and the Welfare Enhancing Properties of Annuity Markets and Social Security." In Journal of Public Economics 26, 1985, 303-326. Feldstein, M. "Should Social Security Be Means Tested?" In Journal of Political Economy 95, 1987, pp. 468-484. ___. "Should Social Security Benefits Increase with Age?" In NBER Working Paper #2200, March 1987. Hubbard, R. G., and K. Judd. "Social Security and Individual Welfare: Precautionary Saving, Borrowing Constraints, and the Payroll Tax." In American Economic Review. September 1987, pp. 630-646.
3.3 Social Security, Saving, and Benefit Adequacy Issues
Banks, J., R. Blundell, and S. Tanner. "Is There a Retirement Savings Puzzle?" In American Economic Review 88, 1998, pp. 769-788. Bernheim, D. "Dissaving After Retirement: Testing the Pure Lifecycle Hypothesis." In Z. Bodie, J. Shoven, and D. Wise, eds., Issues in Pension Economics. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 237-283. ___. "The Economic Effects of Social Security: Toward a Reconciliation of Theory and Measurement." In Journal of Public Economics 33, 1987, pp. 273-304. ___. "How Strong are Bequest Motives? Evidence Based on Estimates of the Demand for Life Insurance and Annuities." In Journal of Political Economy 93, December 1985, pp. 1045-1076. Bernheim, D., J. Skinner, and S. Weinberg. "What Accounts for the Variation in Retirement Wealth Among U.S. Households?" In American Economic Review 91, 2001, pp. 832-857. Brien, M. J., S. Dickert-Conlin, and D. A. Weaver. "Widows Waiting to Wed? (Re)Marriage and Economic Incentives in Social Security Widow Benefits." unpublished, 2000. Brown, J., and J. Poterba. "Joint Life Annuities and Annuity Demand by Married Couples." In Mimeo. MIT, 1998. Diamond, P., and J. Hausman. "Individual Retirement and Savings Behavior." In Journal of Public Economics 23, 1984, pp. 81-114. Duggan, J., R. Gillingham, and J. Greenlees. "Progressive Returns to Social Security? An Answer from Social Security Records." In U.S. Treasury Department Working Paper #9501. November 1995. Edwards, S. "Why are Savings Rates so Different Across Countries? An International Comparative Analysis." In NBER Working Paper #5097. April 1995. Gale, W. "The Effects of Pensions on Household Wealth: A Re-Evaluation of Theory and Evidence." In Journal of Political Economy 106, August 1998, pp. 706-723. Gustman, A., and T. Steinmeier. "How Effective is Redistribution Under the Social Security Benefit Formula?" In NBER Working Paper #7597. 2000. Hamermesh, D. "Consumption During Retirement: The Missing Link in the Life-Cycle Hypothesis." In Review of Economics and Statistics 66, 1984, pp. 1-7. Feldstein, M. "Social Security, Induced Retirement, and Aggregate Capital Accumulation." In Journal of Political Economy 82, 1974, pp. 905-926. ___. "Social Security and Private Saving: Reply." In Journal of Political Economy 90, 1982, pp. 630-642. Gustman, A., and B. Steinmeyer. "Effects of Pensions on Savings: Analysis with Data From the Health and Retirement Survey." In Mimeo. Dartmouth College. Holden, K. C., and C. Zick. "Insuring against the Consequences of Widowhood in a Reformed Social Security System." Arnold, R. Douglas, Michael J. Graetz, and Alicia H., 1998. Munnell. "Framing the Social Security Debate, Values, Politics, and Economics." Washington: National Academy of Social Insurance, distributed by Brookings Institution Press. Hurd, M. "Research on the Elderly: Economic Studies, Retirement, and Consumption and Saving." In Journal of Economic Literature 28, June 1990, pp. 565-637. Kotlikoff, L. A. Spivak, and L. Summers. "The Adequacy of Savings." In American Economic Review 72, 1982, pp. 1056-1069. Leimer, D., and S. Lesnoy. "Social Security and Private Saving: New Time-Series Evidence." In Journal of Political Economy 90, 1982, pp. 606-629. Shaw, L., and H. Yi. "Which Elderly Women Become Poor After Widowhood?" In Working Paper, Institute for Women's Policy Research. 1997.
3.3.1 Early entitlement age
Burkhauser, R. K. Couch, and J. Phillips. "Who Takes Early Social Security Benefits? The Economic and Health Characteristics of Early Beneficiaries." In The Gerontologist 36, 1996, pp. 789-799. CBO, Raising the earliest eligibility age for social security benefits, 1999. GAO, Social security reform: implications of raising the retirement age, 1999. Gruber, Mark Hayward, Diane Macunovich, Rudolph Penner, Joseph Quinn, John Rust, Dallas Salisbury, Andrew Samwick, Eugene Steuerle, Lawrence Thompson, Shripad Kingson, E., and Y. Arsenault. "The diversity of risk among age-62 retired worker beneficiaries." In CRR WP. 2000-08. Leonesio, M. V., D. R. Vaughn, and B. Wixon. "Early Retirees under Social Security: Health Status and Economic Resources." In Social Security Bulletin 64, 4, 2000, pp. 1-16. Social Security Advisory Board, "Implications of Raising the Social Security Retirement Age." presentations by Richard Burkhauser, Gary Burtless, Leora Friedberg, Jonathan. Tuljapurkar, David Walker, Carolyn Weaver, John Wilkin. October 13, 1998.
3.4 Social Security and Labor Supply
Baker, M. "The Retirement Behavior of Married Couples: Evidence from the Spouse's Allowance." In NBER Working Paper #7138. May 1999. Baker, M., and D. Benjamin. "Early Retirement Provisions and the Labour Force Behavior of Older Men: Some Evidence from Canada." In Journal of Labor Economics 17, 1999, pp. 724-756. Baker, M., and D. Benjamin. "How do Retirement Tests Affect the Labor Supply of Older Men?" In Journal of Public Economics 72, 1999, pp. 27-51. Blau, D. "Labor Force Dynamics of Older Men." In Econometrica 62, 1994, pp. 117-156. Burtless, G. "Social Security, Unanticipated Benefit Increases, and the Timing of Retirement." In Review of Economic Studies. 1986, pp. 781-805. Burtless, G., and R. Moffitt. "The Effect of Social Security Benefits on the Labor Supply of the Aged." In H. Aaron and G. Burtless, eds., Retirement and Economic Behavior. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1984, pp. 135-175. Coile, C., P. Diamond, J. Gruber, and A. Jousten. "Delays in Claiming Social Security Benefits." In Mimeo. MIT, 1999. Coile, C., and J. Gruber. "Social Security and Retirement." In NBER Working Paper #7830. August 2000. Costa, D. "Pensions and Retirement: Evidence from Union Army Veterans." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 110, May 1995, pp. 297-319. Crawford, V., and D. Lilien. "Social Security and the Retirement Decision." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 96, August 1981, pp. 505-529. Diamond, P., and J. Hausman. "Retirement and Unemployment Behavior of Older Men. " In H. Aaron, and G. Burtless, eds., Retirement and Economic Behavior. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1984, pp. 97-135. Diamond, P., and J. Gruber. "Social Security and Retirement in the United States." In Jonathan Gruber and David Wise, eds., Social Security and Retirement Around the World. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1999, pp. 437-474. Feldstein, M., and A. Samwick. "Social Security Rules and Marginal Tax Rates." In National Tax Journal 65, 1992, pp. 1-22. Fields, G., and O. Mitchell. "Economic Determinants of the Optimal Retirement Age: An Empirical Investigation." In Journal of Human Resources 19, Winter 1984, pp. 245-262. Friedberg, L. "The Social Security Earnings Test and Labor Supply of the Elderly." In NBER Working Paper #7200, June 1999. Gruber, J., and D. Wise. "Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World: Introduction and Summary." In Jonathan Gruber and David Wise, eds., Social Security and Retirement Around the World. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1999, pp. 1-36. Gruber, J., and P. Orszag. "Does the Social Security Earnings Test Affect Labor Supply and Benefits Receipt?" In NBER Working Paper #7923. September 2000. Gustman, A., and T. Steinmeier. "The 1983 Social Security Reforms and Labor Supply Adjustment of Older Individuals in the Long Run." In Journal of Labor Economics 3, 1985, pp. 237-253. Hausman, J., and D. Wise. "Social Security, Health Status, and Retirement." In D. Wise, ed., Pensions, Labor, and Individual Choice. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp. 159-192. Kahn, J. "Social Security, Liquidity, and Early Retirement." In Journal of Public Economics 35, 1988, pp. 97-118. Krueger, A., and J. Pischke. "The Effect of Social Security on Labor Supply: A Cohort Analysis of the Notch Generation." In Journal of Labor Economics 10, October 1992, pp. 412-437. Lumsdaine, R., and D. Wise. "Aging and Labor Force Participation: A Review of Trends and Explanations." In Y. Noguchi and D. Wise, eds., Aging Issues in Japan and the United States. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1994, pp. 7-42. Marrufo, G. "The Incidence of Social Security Regulation: Evidence from the Reform in Mexico." In University of Chicago Mimeo. 2001. Ruhm, C. "Secular Changes in the Work and Retirement Patterns of Older Men." In Journal of Human Resources 30, 1995, pp.362-385. Rust, J., and C. Phelan. "How Social Security and Medicare Affect Retirement Behavior in a World of Incomplete Markets." In Econometrica 65, July 1997, pp. 781-832. Samwick, A. "The Joint Effect of Social Security and Pensions on the Timing of Retirement: Some New Evidence." In Journal of Public Economics 70, 1998, pp. 207-236. Stock, J. and D. Wise. "Pensions, the Option Value of Work, and Retirement." In Econometrica 58, September 1990, pp. 1151-1180.
3.5. Social Security in OLG Growth Models
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经济信息在宏观经济管理中的应用研究
| 【英文题名】 | Study on the Application of Economic Information in the Management of Macro-Economics |
| 【中文关键词】 | 经济信息. 宏观经济管理. 应用. 研究. |
| 【英文关键词】 | economic information. Macro-economic management. Application. Research. |
| 【作者】 | 彭嘉新. |
| 【导师】 | 王战平. |
| 【论文级别】 | 硕士 |
| 【学位授予单位】 | 华中师范大学. |
| 【论文提交日期】 | 2002-03-01 |
CAJ 文章
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-21 10:09:57编辑过]
Human Resources in China: The Birth Quota, Returns to Schooling, and Migration
由 vagabond 同志 提供
PDF 英文版
Abstract: Rural elderly have 40% of the income of those in urban areas, spend a larger share of their income on food, are in worse health, work later into their lives, and depend more on their children, lacking pensions and public services. The birth quota since 1980 has particularly restricted the childbearing of rural less educated women, who now face retirement with fewer children for support. Inequality in China can also be traced to increasing returns to schooling, especially beyond secondary school. Government restrictions on rural-urban migration reduce national efficiency, add to the urban-rural wage gap, and increase inequality.
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Labor Surplus Economies
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Abstract: The labor surplus economy model has as its basic premise the inability of unskilled agricultural labor markets to clear in countries with high man/land ratios. In such situations, the marginal product of labor is likely to fall below a bargaining wage, related to the average rather than the marginal product. The reallocation of such disguisedly unemployed workers by means of balanced intersectoral growth ultimately permits the entire economy to operate on neo-classical principles. Finally, the paper introduces open economy dimensions, indicates the existence of other labor surplus sub-sectors and briefly responds to neo-classical critiques on both theoretical and empirical grounds.
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Effective Labor Regulation and Microeconomic Flexibility
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Abstract: Microeconomic flexibility, by facilitating the process of creative-destruction, is at the core of economic growth in modern market economies. The main reason for why this process is not infinitely fast, is the presence of adjustment costs, some of them technological, others institutional. Chief among the latter is labor market regulation. While few economists would object to such a view, its empirical support is rather weak. In this paper we revisit this hypothesis and find strong evidence for it. We use a new sectoral panel for 60 countries and a methodology suitable for such a panel. We find that job security regulation clearly hampers the creative-destruction process, especially in countries where regulations are likely to be enforced. Moving from the 20th to the 80th percentile in job security, in countries with strong rule of law, cuts the annual speed of adjustment to shocks by a third while shaving off about one percent from annual productivity growth. The same movement has negligible effects in countries with weak rule of law.
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经济信息在宏观经济管理中的应用研究
| 【英文题名】 | Study on the Application of Economic Information in the Management of Macro-Economics |
| 【中文关键词】 | 经济信息. 宏观经济管理. 应用. 研究. |
| 【英文关键词】 | economic information. Macro-economic management. Application. Research. |
| 【作者】 | 彭嘉新. |
| 【论文级别】 | 硕士 |
| 【学位授予单位】 | 华中师范大学. |
| 【论文提交日期】 | 2002-03-01 |
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关于国有企业股份制改革的实证研究
作者:香港浸会大学李骥 中国人民大学劳动人事学院孙健敏 香港浸会大学刘向阳国务院发展研究中心巴曙松
摘要:本文研究国有企业股份化对企业运作和业绩的影响。基于西方的有关理论,本文提出一些进行实证研究的假设命题。随后在587家中国股份制企业中对这些命题进行检验。采用概率统计方法,我们从经验数据中发现了一些重要的企业活动规律,现象或问题。例如,企业完全非国有化在中国现阶段的体制下并不一定可以帮助这些企业提高效率或竞争力,上市企业的控股结构或比例对企业的经营战略及业绩可以有重要的影响,等等。
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-4-19 14:14:55编辑过]
人力资本的经济学分析
| 【中文关键词】 | 人力资本. 知识经济. 经济增长. 经济发展阶段. |
| 【英文关键词】 | Human capital. Knowledge-based economy. Economic growth. Economic development stage. |
| 【作者】 | 莫志宏. |
| 【导师】 | 李京文. |
| 【论文级别】 | 博士 |
| 【学位授予单位】 | 中国社会科学院研究生院. |
| 【论文提交日期】 | 2002-05-01 |
我国宏观经济调控的探索——启动和强化结构性财政金融工具
【英文题名】 The Discovery of Chinese Marcocontrol--To Launch Structure Finance Tools 【中文关键词】 财政政策. 货币政策. 结构调整. 宏观经济调控. 【英文关键词】 finance policy. monetary policy. structure regulation. macro control. 【作者】 李扬. 【导师】 程惠芳. 【论文级别】 硕士
中国人口年龄结构变化及其对经济的潜在影响
摘要:根据中国第五次人口普查,65岁以上老年人口已达8811万人,占总人口的6.96%,60岁以上人口达1.3亿人,占总人口10.2%,按照联合国1956年的划分标准“在全部人口中,60岁及以上人口占总人口比重超过10%,65岁及以上老年人口超过7%即被称为老龄化社会”来衡量,中国已经进入老年型社会。作为21世纪不可逆转的世界性趋势,人口老龄化对经济发展的长远影响不容忽视。因此,我们有必要从宏观上看清人口年龄结构的趋势,及早制定人口发展和经济发展相协调的总体战略规划就显得格外有必要。
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-4-19 14:13:44编辑过]
2005年中国粮食形势与宏观调控政策取向
经历2003年10月中下旬粮食价格的大幅上涨之后,粮食问题再次成为2004年中国政府重视和社会各界关注的焦点。为了确保粮食安全,2004年,中央政府连续出台了一系列恢复和发展粮食生产的政策,如对农民种粮直接补贴、减免农业税、取消除烟叶以外的农业特产税、加大良种补贴和农机具购置补贴力度、启动实施优质粮食产业工程等,极大地调动了农民的种粮积极性,粮食生产得到恢复增产。同时,严格控制耕地占用,实行增加进口减少出口的粮食进出口政策,使国内粮食供求偏紧的状况很快趋于稳定,全年市场粮价总体上呈稳定运行态势。与年初价格水平相比,小麦、稻谷、玉米三大粮食品种价格都有不同程度的下降。粮食市场的稳定运行为国民经济持续快速健康发展起到了重要作用。为了进一步做好2005年的粮食工作,有必要及早对2005年粮食形势进行分析,并在此基础上明确国家粮食宏观调控的目标和政策取向。
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-4-19 14:12:38编辑过]
关注经济全球化下中国的贸易摩擦
20世纪80年代以来,随着对外开放的不断扩大,中国经济初步实现了从封闭经济向开放型经济的转轨,在过去的10年中,成功的经济政策已使中国成为世界经济中崛起的贸易大国 (皮埃尔·罗迪,2003)。
但是,伴随贸易大国成长过程的是各种贸易摩擦和争端的不断扩展和升级,种种迹象表明,在“入世”的第一年(2002年),中国就已成为各类国际贸易战的常客(Norton and Almstedt,2003)。尽管目前所有贸易摩擦的涉案金额占中国出口总额的比重还很小,对外贸易也从未因贸易摩擦的影响而减速。但如果因此就忽视贸易摩擦问题,不仅在宏观上可能恶化中国贸易的发展环境,增加中国经济可持续发展的干扰因素(如“中国威胁论”、“中国输出通货紧缩论”等),而且在微观上可能造成产业层次在局部市场上的毁灭性打击(如2002年取消反倾销制裁前的输欧彩电企业)。因此,不从战略高度认识和把握中国的贸易摩擦问题,其后果是不可估量的。
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