Stillman将「ZF」(State)定义为:具体的国家机关丶组织及人民,其实现所有现代国家的共同基本功能,像是徵税丶管制企业丶国防丶教育丶社会福利及其他重要的服务。(p.15)
“concrete national institutions and the organizations and people that carry out the basic functions common to all modern nations, such as tax collection, business regulation, national defense, public education, social welfare, and other important services”
”no state”的看法代表「公部门最小化」(小而美)的看法;”bold state”观点抱持绩极ZF的想法(大有为);”pre-state”提出後工业时代ZF(鉴往古今)的观点;”pro-state”延续实证学者技术官僚ZF的传统(立足管理)。