求书:求英文版的《数理经济学的基本方法》蒋中一 Preface | |
Part 1 | Introduction | |
1 | The Nature of Mathematical Economics | 3 |
1.1 | Mathematical versus Nonmathematical Economics | 3 |
1.2 | Mathematical Economics versus Econometrics | 5 |
2 | Economic Models | 7 |
2.1 | Ingredients of a Mathematical Model | 7 |
2.2 | The Real-Number System | 10 |
2.3 | The Concept of Sets | 11 |
2.4 | Relations and Functions | 17 |
2.5 | Types of Function | 23 |
2.6 | Functions of Two or More Independent Variables | 29 |
2.7 | Levels of Generality | 31 |
Part 2 | Static (or Equilibrium) Analysis | |
3 | Equilibrium Analysis in Economics | 35 |
3.1 | The Meaning of Equilibrium | 35 |
3.2 | Partial Market Equilibrium--A Linear Model | 36 |
3.3 | Partial Market Equilibrium--A Nonlinear Model | 40 |
3.4 | General Market Equilibrium | 46 |
3.5 | Equilibrium in National-Income Analysis | 52 |
4 | Linear Models and Matrix Algebra | 54 |
4.1 | Matrices and Vectors | 55 |
4.2 | Matrix Operations | 58 |
4.3 | Notes on Vector Operations | 67 |
4.4 | Commutative, Associative, and Distributive Laws | 76 |
4.5 | Identity Matrices and Null Matrices | 79 |
4.6 | Transposes and Inverses | 82 |
5 | Linear Models and Matrix Algebra (Continued) | 88 |
5.1 | Conditions for Nonsingularity of a Matrix | 88 |
5.2 | Test of Nonsingularity by Use of Determinant | 92 |
5.3 | Basic Properties of Determinants | 98 |
5.4 | Finding the Inverse Matrix | 103 |
5.5 | Cramer's Rule | 107 |
5.6 | Application to Market and National-Income Models | 112 |
5.7 | Leontief Input-Output Models | 115 |
5.8 | Limitations of Static Analysis | 124 |
Part 3 | Comparative-Static Analysis | |
6 | Comparative Statics and the Concept of Derivative | 127 |
6.1 | The Nature of Comparative Statics | 127 |
6.2 | Rate of Change and the Derivative | 128 |
6.3 | The Derivative and the Slope of a Curve | 131 |
6.4 | The Concept of Limit | 132 |
6.5 | Digression on Inequalities and Absolute Values | 141 |
6.6 | Limit Theorems | 145 |
6.7 | Continuity and Differentiability of a Function | 147 |
7 | Rules of Differentiation and Their Use in Comparative Statics | 155 |
7.1 | Rules of Differentiation for a Function of One Variable | 155 |
7.2 | Rules of Differentiation Involving Two or More Functions of the Same Variable | 159 |
7.3 | Rules of Differentiation Involving Functions of Different Variables | 169 |
7.4 | Partial Differentiation | 174 |
7.5 | Applications to Comparative-Static Analysis | 178 |
7.6 | Note on Jacobian Determinants | 184 |
8 | Comparative-Static Analysis of General-Function Models | 187 |
8.1 | Differentials | 188 |
8.2 | Total Differentials | 194 |
8.3 | Rules of Differentials | 196 |
8.4 | Total Derivatives | 198 |
8.5 | Derivatives of Implicit Functions | 204 |
8.6 | Comparative Statics of General-Function Models | 215 |
8.7 | Limitations of Comparative Statics | 226 |
Part 4 | Optimization Problems | |
9 | Optimization: A Special Variety of Equilibrium Analysis | 231 |
9.1 | Optimum Values and Extreme Values | 232 |
9.2 | Relative Maximum and Minimum: First-Derivative Test | 233 |
9.3 | Second and Higher Derivatives | 239 |
9.4 | Second-Derivative Test | 245 |
9.5 | Digression on Maclaurin and Taylor Series | 254 |
9.6 | Nth-Derivative Test for Relative Extremum of a Function of One Variable | 263 |
10 | Exponential and Logarithmic Functions | 268 |
10.1 | The Nature of Exponential Functions | 269 |
10.2 | Natural Exponential Functions and the Problem of Growth | 274 |
10.3 | Logarithms | 282 |
10.4 | Logarithmic Functions | 287 |
10.5 | Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions | 292 |
10.6 | Optimal Timing | 298 |
10.7 | Further Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic Derivatives | 302 |
11 | The Case of More than One Choice Variable | 307 |
11.1 | The Differential Version of Optimization Conditions | 308 |
11.2 | Extreme Values of a Function of Two Variables | 310 |
11.3 | Quadratic Forms--An Excursion | 319 |
11.4 | Objective Functions with More than Two Variables | 332 |
11.5 | Second-Order Conditions in Relation to Concavity and Convexity | 337 |
11.6 | Economic Applications | 353 |
11.7 | Comparative-Static Aspects of Optimization | 364 |
12 | Optimization with Equality Constraints | 369 |
12.1 | Effects of a Constraint | 370 |
12.2 | Finding the Stationary Values | 372 |
12.3 | Second-Order Conditions | 379 |
12.4 | Quasiconcavity and Quasiconvexity | 387 |
12.5 | Utility Maximization and Consumer Demand | 400 |
12.6 | Homogeneous Functions | 410 |
12.7 | Least-Cost Combination of Inputs | 418 |
12.8 | Some Concluding Remarks | 431 |
Part 5 | Dynamic Analysis | |
13 | Economic Dynamics and Integral Calculus | 435 |
13.1 | Dynamics and Integration | 436 |
13.2 | Indefinite Integrals | 437 |
13.3 | Definite Integrals | 447 |
13.4 | Improper Integrals | 454 |
13.5 | Some Economic Applications of Integrals | 458 |
13.6 | Domar Growth Model | 465 |
14 | Continuous Time: First-Order Differential Equations | 470 |
14.1 | First-Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficient and Constant Term | 470 |
14.2 | Dynamics of Market Price | 475 |
14.3 | Variable Coefficient and Variable Term | 480 |
14.4 | Exact Differential Equations | 483 |
14.5 | Nonlinear Differential Equations of the First Order and First Degree | 489 |
14.6 | The Qualitative-Graphic Approach | 493 |
14.7 | Solow Growth Model | 496 |
15 | Higher-Order Differential Equations | 502 |
15.1 | Second-Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients and Constant Term | 503 |
15.2 | Complex Numbers and Circular Functions | 511 |
15.3 | Analysis of the Complex-Root Case | 523 |
15.4 | A Market Model with Price Expectations | 529 |
15.5 | The Interaction of Inflation and Unemployment | 535 |
15.6 | Differential Equations with a Variable Term | 541 |
15.7 | Higher-Order Linear Differential Equations | 544 |
16 | Discrete Time: First-Order Difference Equations | 549 |
16.1 | Discrete Time, Differences, and Difference Equations | 550 |
16.2 | Solving a First-Order Difference Equation | 551 |
16.3 | The Dynamic Stability of Equilibrium | 557 |
16.4 | The Cobweb Model | 561 |
16.5 | A Market Model with Inventory | 566 |
16.6 | Nonlinear Difference Equations--The Qualitative-Graphic Approach | 569 |
17 | Higher-Order Difference Equations | 576 |
17.1 | Second-Order Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients and Constant Term | 577 |
17.2 | Samuelson Multiplier-Acceleration Interaction Model | 585 |
17.3 | Inflation and Unemployment in Discrete Time | 591 |
17.4 | Generalizations to Variable-Term and Higher-Order Equations | 596 |
18 | Simultaneous Differential Equations and Difference Equations | 605 |
18.1 | The Genesis of Dynamic Systems | 605 |
18.2 | Solving Simultaneous Dynamic Equations | 608 |
18.3 | Dynamic Input-Output Models | 616 |
18.4 | The Inflation-Unemployment Model Once More | 623 |
18.5 | Two-Variable Phase Diagrams | 628 |
18.6 | Linearization of a Nonlinear Differential-Equation System | 638 |
18.7 | Limitations of Dynamic Analysis | 646 |
Part 6 | Mathematical Programming | |
19 | Linear Programming | 651 |
19.1 | Simple Examples of Linear Programming | 652 |
19.2 | General Formulation of Linear Programs | 661 |
19.3 | Convex Sets and Linear Programming | 665 |
19.4 | Simplex Method: Finding the Extreme Points | 671 |
19.5 | Simplex Method: Finding the Optimal Extreme Point | 676 |
19.6 | Further Notes on the Simplex Method | 682 |
20 | Linear Programming (Continued) | 688 |
20.1 | Duality | 688 |
20.2 | Economic Interpretation of a Dual | 696 |
20.3 | Activity Analysis: Micro Level | 700 |
20.4 | Activity Analysis: Macro Level | 709 |
21 | Nonlinear Programming | 716 |
21.1 | The Nature of Nonlinear Programming | 716 |
21.2 | Kuhn-Tucker Conditions | 722 |
21.3 | The Constraint Qualification | 731 |
21.4 | Kuhn-Tucker Sufficiency Theorem: Concave Programming | 738 |
21.5 | Arrow-Enthoven Sufficiency Theorem: Quasiconcave Programming | 744 |
21.6 | Economic Applications | 747 |
21.7 | Limitations of Mathematical Programming | 754 |
| The Greek Alphabet | 756 |
| Mathematical Symbols | 757 |
| A Short Reading List | 760 |
| Answers to Selected Exercise Problems | 763 |
| Index | 781 |