英文文献：Cultural quotas in broadcasting II: policy-广播的文化配额II:政策
英文文献作者：Martin Richardson
英文文献摘要：
This paper considers the application of ‘cultural quotas’ to radio broadcasting: a requirement that a minimum percentage of broadcast content be of local origin. Using a Hotelling location model derived in Richardson (2004) we show that, while the laissez-faire solution involves less than (socially optimal) maximal differentiation, a quota reduces the differentiation between the stations even further. While a cultural quota may raise consumer welfare, the reduced station diversity and advertising levels monotonically lower overall social welfare. We consider two other policies – a limit on advertising and a publicly provided non-commercial station – and show that both also reduce diversity, compared to the laissez-faire solution. An advertising cap is not as effective as the quota in achieving greater airplay for local content for least welfare cost but a public station can be, depending on the magnitude of its associated fixed costs

本文讨论了“文化配额”在电台广播中的应用:即要求广播内容的最低百分比为本地来源。利用Richardson(2004)推导的霍特林位置模型，我们表明，当自由放任的解决方案涉及小于(社会最优)最大的差别时，配额进一步减少了车站之间的差别。虽然文化配额可以提高消费者福利，但减少的电台多样性和广告水平单调地降低整体社会福利。我们考虑了另外两项政策——限制广告和公共提供的非商业电台——结果表明，与自由放任的解决方案相比，这两项政策也降低了多样性。在以最低的福利成本提高本地内容的播放率方面，广告上限不如配额有效，但公共电台可以做到这一点，这取决于其相关固定成本的大小