英文文献：The Effect of Household Characteristics on Living Standards in South Africa 1993 - 98: A Quantile Regression Analysis with Sample Attrition-1993 - 98年南非家庭特征对生活水平的影响:带有样本损耗的分位数回归分析
英文文献作者：Farshid Vahid,Pushkar Maitra
英文文献摘要：
This paper examines whether the dismantling of apartheid has resulted in the improvement in the standard of living for the vast majority of South Africans. The study is based on a panel data set from the Kwazulu-Natal province. Despite the best efforts of the interview team, the attrition rate in this panel is around 16%. We find that household income and size in 1993, several community characteristics and survey quality in 1993 significantly affect the probability of attrition. We use weighted quantile regressions to examine the distribution of standards of living, which corrects for the potential bias arising from non-random sample attrition. Our results show that there has been a significant increase in the spread of the distribution of household expenditure of the Non-White households residing in Kwazulu-Natal province. We argue that the stretch to the right of the upper tail of distribution can be attributed to significant increase in returns to primary and high school education, while movement to the left of the lower quantiles can be associated with the increase in the proportion of female headed households and household size.

这份文件审查了种族隔离制度的废除是否导致了绝大多数南非人生活水平的提高。这项研究基于夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的面板数据集。尽管面试团队尽了最大努力，这个小组的流失率仍在16%左右。我们发现1993年的家庭收入和规模，几个社区特征和调查质量显著影响流失的概率。我们使用加权分位数回归来检查生活标准的分布，这纠正了非随机样本磨损所产生的潜在偏差。我们的研究结果显示，居住在夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的非白人家庭的家庭支出分布显著扩大。我们认为上分布的尾部向右伸展可以归因于显著增加回到小学和中学教育,而运动左边的分位数较低可以与女性领导的比例的增加家庭和家庭规模。