Contents
Frontmatter
Contents
Acknowledgments
Lord Daniel BrennanForeword
Stephen B. YoungIntroduction
Why a Book About Adam Smith?
What did Adam Smith Want to Accomplish in Writing Wealth of Nations?
To Put Adam Smith’s Thinking in Context – Then and Now
The Wealth of Nations and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
What about Greed?
Reconciling Moral Sentiments with Creating Wealth for the Nations
Karel J. NoordzyChapter 1 The Challenge for Leaders in an Uncertain World: The Only Way Out is the Way In
The Concerns
1. Insecurity leads to polarization and even to fanaticism, facilitated and reinforced by social media.
2. People are becoming more demanding and are now aiming for more recognition and involvement.
3. The fearful avoidance of any risk seems to be on the increase, both in society and in politics.
4. In addition, we are seeing a growing gap between rich and poor, and the inequality is widening.
The Combination of These Phenomena Creates a Fertile Ground for Undermining Our Values and Democracies.
The First Dangerous Signs of This Undermining are Visible in Our World. They Follow an Age-Old and Historically Familiar Pattern.
The Hopes
1. Growing awareness by politicians and governments of the dangers of extremism.
2. The youth of the world create a positive momentum.
3. A call for ethics in the corporate world.
4. Creating a fairer economy by linking sustainable efforts to taxation breaks.
5. More prominence for the Sustainable Development Goals and the Circular Economy.
The Challenge: The Only Way Out is the Way in
1. The real challenge lies within ourselves.
2. The way in.
John LittleChapter 2 Starting a Conversation with Adam Smith
In the Spirit of Open Inquiry
The Philosophy of Questions
The Power of Insight
Weber
Harari
Finnis
Global Assemblies
Integrating Part and Whole
Jan Peter Balkenende, Govert BuijsChapter 3 Towards a Renewed European Capitalism
Adam Smith: A Conflict Between Interpretations
The Adam Smith Revolution: Human Flourishing for All
Where We are Now: Neo-Liberalism vs. Responsible Capitalism vs. Autocratic Capitalism
The Disappearing “European” Thinking about Economics
The “Thorny Triangle” of Economic Reality in the First Half of the Twenty-First Century
The Renewal of European Economic Thinking: Towards a Multi-Actor Approach
Why the Focus on Europe?
Herman MulderChapter 4 From the Pin-Factory to the Concert Hall
Adam Smith’s Baseline: An Eighteenth-Century Context: “Enlightenment”
Twenty-First Century Context: Our “Age of Consequences,” Radical Social Change, Innovation
Actualization
From “Wealth” to “Multiple Value Creation,” Together
Strategic Autonomy, Controlled Value Chains
The Well-Being Economy
The Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030 (and Beyond): Towards a “Well-Being Economy”
The Invisible Hand and the Role of Government
Making Markets Fit for Purpose
From Pin Factory to Concert Hall
Adam Smith as a Moral Multi-Capitalist Avant-La-Lettre?
New Market Forces: Internalizing Externalities
From Consumer-Centric to Citizen-Centric
Concluding Comment
Orn B. BodvarssonChapter 5 What Would Adam Smith say About Resolving Today’s Higher Education Crisis in America?
Introduction
Five Broad Problems in American Higher Education and what Smith Would Say About Them
1. Many degree-granting institutions are at high risk of insolvency.
2. Curriculum is chronically misaligned with the needs of students, employers, and the public.
3. Academe has historically been a chronic “late majority” or “laggard” in the innovation adoption cycle; it has usually been a follower, not a leader in technological adaptation.
4. Higher education is not consumer-centric enough.
5. Growing market demand for non-degree credentials is making degree-granting colleges and universities less relevant to the post-secondary education ecosystem and to society.
A Recommended Agenda for Reform
Michael LaBrosseChapter 6 Capitalism 2.0: Sustainable Economics, Ethical Challenges for Government, Business, and Civic Leaders
Defining Sustainability
1. Earth as a Stakeholder
2. The Future as the Cardinal Stakeholder
3. Ethical Wealth Stewardship
4. Win-Win Transactions
5. Long-Term Value Over Short-Term Gains
The Ethical Infrastructure: Courageous Leaders Are Forging a Clear Path Forward
The Path Forward: Policy, Practice, and Culture
1. Educating for the Future: The Sustainability Generations
2. Operationalizing Sustainable Business Practices: ESG and Emerging Models of Capitalism 2.0
The Ethical Transaction, a Call for Courageous Leadership
Capitalism Is Not Dead—But It Must Be Reclaimed Ethically
Michael HartoonianChapter 7 An Inquiry into the Causes of Poverty
Two Operationalizing Theses
Introduction
Part I: Misconceptions, Duality, and Poverty
Poverty and Higher Education’s Epistemological Confusion between Price and Value
The Concept of Cause as Prologue to Understanding Poverty
An Inquiry into the Causes of Poverty
Poverty and the Concept of Work
Work
Poverty and the Generational Covenant
Poverty and the Invisible Hand
Part II: The Problem of Knowledge and Poverty
Poverty, Policy, and an Application of Smith’s Moral Philosophy
Conclusion
Stephen JordanChapter 8 How Adam Smith Foreshadowed Modern Social Capital Theory
The Harmful Effects of Reading Wealth of Nationsin a Vacuum
The Genealogy of Sympathy
How Modern Businesses Depend on Social Capital
Conclusion
Thomas FisherChapter 9 Capitalism at Scale
The Proper Scale of Economies
Scale and Global Capitalism
The Ethics of Local Production
The Economics of Continuous Improvement
Distinguishing Wealth from Money
The Scale of Smith’s Impact
José Luis Fernández-FernándezChapter 10 Moral Sentimentsand The Wealth of Nations:A Discursive Convergence towards Moral Capitalism
Introduction
Capitalism and the Epistemology of Economic Science
A Polymorphic and Belligerent Anti-Capitalist Mentality
The Ethical Liability of Economic Growth
Moral Philosophy as the Foundation of Economic Science
The Economic and Moral-Philosophical Antecedents of Adam Smith
The Ethical Message of The Theory of Moral Sentiments
Conclusion: Discursive Convergence Between Economics and Ethics TowardMoral Capitalism
Patrick O’SullivanChapter 11 Adam Smith – Fundamentalist or Optimist: Self-interest, Sympathy and a Smithian Middle Way
Laisser-Faire and the Pursuit of Self-interest in the Wealth of Nations
Sympathy (Theory of Moral Sentiments) and Self-interest (Wealth of Nations): “das Adam Smith Problem”
Towards a New Perspective: Smith’s Middle Way and Moral Capitalism
Practical Policy Implications of a Middle Way Capitalism
Recep Şentürk, Fatma Nur Aysan, Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Seda ÖzalkanChapter 12 Between Adam Smith’s Self-Love and the Impartial Spectator: Ādamiyyah as a Moral Bridge in Human Conscience
Introduction
Enlightened Self-Love in Adam Smith: Natural Yet Morally Insufficient
The Impartial Spectator: Moral Self-Regulation in Smith
The Islamic Principle of Ādamiyyah: “I am, Therefore I Have Rights and Duties”
Ibn Khaldūn and “Internal Restraining Power” (Wāziʿ Min Anfusihim)
Venerable Anil Sakya, Stephen B. YoungChapter 15 The Buddha and Adam Smith: A Dialogue Across Time on Wealth, Happiness, and Sustainability
Introduction: Strange Companions, Shared Questions
Reimagining Business Through a Buddhist Lens
The Evolution of Economics: From Household Management to the Dismal Science
The Middle Path and the Invisible Hand: A Hidden Harmony
Happiness as the Ultimate Goal, not the Accumulation of Possessions
Sufficiency Economy: A Modern Buddhist Framework
A New Economics: From Misery to Happiness
Adam Smith and Happinomics: A Lost Legacy
Conclusion: The Middle Way for the Modern World
List of Contributors

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