英文文献：Faddists, enthusiasts and Canadian divas:a model of the recorded music market-时尚爱好者和加拿大女歌手:录制音乐市场的典范
英文文献作者：Martin Richardson,Simon Wilkie
英文文献摘要：
This paper constructs a model of the provision of commercial music in which some consumers (enthusiasts) enjoy diversity and others (faddists) prefer to follow what is popular. Record companies sign up bands, only some of whom will 'succeed' - a process modelled in a number of alternate ways - and radio stations broadcast recordings. Consumers hear music on the radio and purchase recordings, where the likelihood of purchase depends, in part, on the extent of radio airplay for a particular recording. We show that consumers' taste for diversity leads to under-entry in general and we illustrate the working of the model by considering the impact of a local content quota in broadcasting. It is shown that a quota that restricts the airtime devoted to foreign music induces a shift in the pattern of band entry into 'international' genres. But a mild quota is welfare-improving in this model: even though the diversity of local music is reduced, the quota increases the number of new entrants, drawn in by the increased profitability of success. We also discuss the consequences of a quota that requires increased broadcasting of 'new' music and show that, while the addition of the 'new' band component decreases the total amount of time devoted to listening to the radio by consumers (yielding a welfare loss), it does nothing to a record company's incentives to sign up new bands.

本文构建了一个商业音乐提供的模型，在这个模型中，一些消费者(爱好者)喜欢多元化，而另一些消费者(时尚爱好者)更喜欢追随流行。唱片公司与乐队签约，只有其中一些乐队会“成功”——这个过程采用了多种替代方式——广播电台播放唱片。消费者通过收音机收听音乐并购买唱片，而购买的可能性在一定程度上取决于某一特定录音在电台播放的程度。我们表明，消费者对多样性的喜好通常会导致进入不足，我们通过考虑本地内容配额在广播中的影响来说明该模型的工作。研究表明，限制外国音乐播放时间的配额导致了乐队进入“国际”类型的模式的转变。但在这种模式中，适度的配额是一种福利改善:尽管本地音乐的多样性减少了，但配额增加了新进入者的数量，这些新进入者被成功带来的更高利润所吸引。我们还讨论配额的后果,需要增加“新”的广播音乐和显示,而“新”的乐队组件减少的总量时间听收音机,消费者福利损失(收益),它并没有一个唱片公司的签约新乐队的动机。